Gender and histories of Arctic field science, 1900-1950

关于北极旅行和探险的叙述通常集中在英勇的功绩、勇敢的故事，以及在许多情况下的可怕悲剧。在19世纪寻找西北航道，以及后来寻找约翰·富兰克林爵士失踪船员的过程中，有200多个欧洲探险队出于各种原因进入北极。在这些故事中，原住民和遥远北方的女性旅行者的故事往往是侧面的。该项目提供了探索北极地区一系列女性故事的机会，并探讨了20世纪初人们对女科学家、旅行者和收藏家的态度。该项目将专注于菲利斯·瓦格和她的嫂子基特，但也有机会将重点放在其他关键演员上，如伊泽贝尔·怀利·哈奇森。菲利斯·瓦格在英国东格陵兰探险队1935-1906年间在格陵兰度过了相当长的一段时间。这支探险队是由她的丈夫L.R.韦格教授率领的，他被称为比尔。考察队中有L.R.的兄弟H.G.Wager博士和他的妻子，以及几个格陵兰人。菲利斯被描述为“负责所有家务，有时还协助地质工作”，而她的嫂子则被誉为“助理植物学家”。Wager档案设在牛津大学自然历史博物馆(OUMNH)。一项初步调查显示，OUMNH有8箱关于英国东格陵兰探险队1935-06年的材料。目录列出了她手中写给供应商的信件，以及她写的一篇文章草案。我们认为，由于这份报告涵盖了组织和安排；日记和笔记；报告、出版物和讲座；以及后来的通信和研究，因此有相当数量的关于她的材料。OUMNH还包括一些物质工具，包括赌徒使用的狗拉雪橇。这种合作的关键是，SPRI也拥有重要的收藏品。在SPRI收藏的80件与L.R.Wager的探险有关的物品中，约有20件专门与菲利斯有关，包括一台打字机，一系列据信是她穿过的衣服，以及一些本土物质文化文物。皇家地理学会和其他档案馆也有相关材料。我们预计，在对Wager进行研究后，可以围绕Isobel Wylie Hutchison形成第二个案件。和记黄埔在20世纪20年代和30年代在北极独立旅行。她出版广泛，是一位知名的公众人物，在BBC的第一个十年里人气暴涨时出现在BBC上。2001年，格温妮丝·霍伊尔出版了一本和记传记。这个项目不是试图复制霍伊尔的工作，而是寻求将和记黄埔置于更广泛、更具可比性的女性北极科学家的背景下。它还将提供机会来关注和记黄埔在SPRI和苏格兰国家博物馆的藏品中留下的物质文化，和记黄埔作为收藏家的角色在霍伊尔的书中或其他关于和记黄埔旅行的出版物中没有详细探讨。这两个截然不同的例子为探索20世纪北极的女性科学家提供了一个很好的起点。他们的历史使北极野外科学的简单化起源和身份故事复杂化。它们提供了一个机会，探索欧洲旅行者与北极土著人民互动的不同方式，以及北极之旅与观众分享的方式-无论是在巡回演讲或早期BBC广播中，还是通过科学出版物和博物馆材料收藏，这些都继续影响着博物馆今天展示的北极。

Narratives of Arctic travel and exploration typically focus on heroic exploits, tales of derring-do and, in a large number of cases, terrible tragedy. The nineteenth century search for the Northwest Passage, and later for the lost crews of Sir John Franklin, saw over 200 European expeditions travel into the Arctic for a range of reasons. In these stories indigenous people are often side lined, as are stories of women travellers in the far north. This project provides the opportunity to explore the stories of a range of women in the Arctic, and explore attitudes to women scientists, travellers and collectors in the early 20th century. The project will focus on Phyllis Wager and her sister in law, Kit, but with the opportunity to develop a comparative focus on other key actors, such as Isobel Wylie Hutchison.Phyllis Wager spent significant time over-wintering in Greenland on the British East Greenland Expedition 1935-6. The expedition was led by her husband, Professor L.R. Wager, known as Bill. Among the expedition party was Dr H.G. Wager - the brother of L.R. - and his wife, as well as several Greenlandic people. Phyllis was described as being 'responsible for all the domestic matters and sometimes assisting with the geological work', while her sister in law was credited as an 'assistant botanist'. The Wager archive is based at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH). A preliminary investigation has revealed that the OUMNH has 8 boxes of material on the British East Greenland Expedition 1935-6. The catalogue lists letters to suppliers in her hand as well as a draft article that she wrote. We imagine there is a reasonable amount of material by and about her as the report covers organisation and arrangements; diaries and notes; reports, publications and lectures; and later correspondence and research. The OUMNH also some material instruments, including the dog sleds used by the Wagers. The key for this collaboration is that the SPRI also hold important collections. Of the 80 objects in the SPRI collection linked with L.R. Wager's expeditions, some 20 are specifically associated with Phyllis, including a typewriter, a range of clothing thought to have been worn by her and some indigenous material cultural artefacts. There is also relevant material at the Royal Geographical Society and other archives.We envisage that after the research on Wager has been undertaken, a second case can be formed around Isobel Wylie Hutchison. Hutchison travelled independently in the Arctic in the 1920s and 30s. She published widely and was a well-known public figure, appearing on the BBC as it boomed in popularity in its first decade. A biography of Hutchison was published in 2001 by Gwyneth Hoyle. Rather than trying to replicate Hoyle's work, this project will seek to place Hutchison in a wider, comparative context of female Arctic scientists. It will also provide the opportunity to focus on the material culture left behind by Hutchison in the collections of SPRI and National Museums Scotland, Hutchison's role as a collector is not explored in detail in Hoyle's book, or in other publications about Hutchison's travels.These two contrasting examples offer an excellent starting point for this exploration of women scientists in the twentieth-century Arctic. Their histories complicate simplistic origin and identity stories for Arctic field science. They provide an opportunity to explore the different ways in which European travellers interacted with indigenous Arctic people, and the ways in which Arctic travels were shared with audiences - whether on lecture tours or early BBC broadcasts, or through scientific publications and collection of materials for museums which continue to influence what museums display about the Arctic today.