Gender and histories of Arctic field science, 1900-1950

性别与北极实地科学的历史，1900-1950

• 批准号: 2420730
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2420730
• 关键词: Gender; histories; Arctic; field; science

Narratives of Arctic travel and exploration typically focus on heroic exploits, tales of derring-do and, in a large number of cases, terrible tragedy. The nineteenth century search for the Northwest Passage, and later for the lost crews of Sir John Franklin, saw over 200 European expeditions travel into the Arctic for a range of reasons. In these stories indigenous people are often side lined, as are stories of women travellers in the far north. This project provides the opportunity to explore the stories of a range of women in the Arctic, and explore attitudes to women scientists, travellers and collectors in the early 20th century. The project will focus on Phyllis Wager and her sister in law, Kit, but with the opportunity to develop a comparative focus on other key actors, such as Isobel Wylie Hutchison.Phyllis Wager spent significant time over-wintering in Greenland on the British East Greenland Expedition 1935-6. The expedition was led by her husband, Professor L.R. Wager, known as Bill. Among the expedition party was Dr H.G. Wager - the brother of L.R. - and his wife, as well as several Greenlandic people. Phyllis was described as being 'responsible for all the domestic matters and sometimes assisting with the geological work', while her sister in law was credited as an 'assistant botanist'. The Wager archive is based at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH). A preliminary investigation has revealed that the OUMNH has 8 boxes of material on the British East Greenland Expedition 1935-6. The catalogue lists letters to suppliers in her hand as well as a draft article that she wrote. We imagine there is a reasonable amount of material by and about her as the report covers organisation and arrangements; diaries and notes; reports, publications and lectures; and later correspondence and research. The OUMNH also some material instruments, including the dog sleds used by the Wagers. The key for this collaboration is that the SPRI also hold important collections. Of the 80 objects in the SPRI collection linked with L.R. Wager's expeditions, some 20 are specifically associated with Phyllis, including a typewriter, a range of clothing thought to have been worn by her and some indigenous material cultural artefacts. There is also relevant material at the Royal Geographical Society and other archives.We envisage that after the research on Wager has been undertaken, a second case can be formed around Isobel Wylie Hutchison. Hutchison travelled independently in the Arctic in the 1920s and 30s. She published widely and was a well-known public figure, appearing on the BBC as it boomed in popularity in its first decade. A biography of Hutchison was published in 2001 by Gwyneth Hoyle. Rather than trying to replicate Hoyle's work, this project will seek to place Hutchison in a wider, comparative context of female Arctic scientists. It will also provide the opportunity to focus on the material culture left behind by Hutchison in the collections of SPRI and National Museums Scotland, Hutchison's role as a collector is not explored in detail in Hoyle's book, or in other publications about Hutchison's travels.These two contrasting examples offer an excellent starting point for this exploration of women scientists in the twentieth-century Arctic. Their histories complicate simplistic origin and identity stories for Arctic field science. They provide an opportunity to explore the different ways in which European travellers interacted with indigenous Arctic people, and the ways in which Arctic travels were shared with audiences - whether on lecture tours or early BBC broadcasts, or through scientific publications and collection of materials for museums which continue to influence what museums display about the Arctic today.

关于北极旅行和探险的叙述通常集中在英雄事迹、英勇事迹以及在很多情况下可怕的悲剧上。十九世纪寻找西北航道，以及后来寻找约翰·富兰克林爵士失踪船员的过程中，超过 200 支欧洲探险队出于各种原因进入北极。在这些故事中，土著人民常常被边缘化，遥远北方的女性旅行者的故事也是如此。该项目提供了探索北极地区女性故事的机会，并探讨 20 世纪初对女科学家、旅行者和收藏家的态度。该项目将重点关注 Phyllis Wager 和她的嫂子 Kit，但也有机会比较关注其他关键人物，例如 Isobel Wylie Hutchison。 1935-6 年，Phyllis Wager 在英国东格陵兰远征队中在格陵兰岛度过了重要的过冬时间。这次探险由她的丈夫 L.R. 教授领导。赌注，又名比尔。探险队中有 H.G. Wager 博士，他是 L.R. 的兄弟。 - 和他的妻子，以及几位格陵兰人。菲利斯被描述为“负责所有家庭事务，有时协助地质工作”，而她的嫂子则被认为是“助理植物学家”。 Wager 档案馆位于牛津大学自然历史博物馆 (OUMNH)。初步调查显示，OUMNH 拥有 1935-6 年英国东格陵兰探险队的 8 箱材料。目录中列出了她手中写给供应商的信以及她写的一篇文章草稿。我们认为，由于报告涵盖了组织和安排，因此有相当数量的由她撰写和关于她的材料；日记和笔记；报告、出版物和讲座；以及后来的通信和研究。 OUMNH 还有一些物质仪器，包括赌注者使用的狗拉雪橇。此次合作的关键在于SPRI也拥有重要的藏品。 SPRI 收藏中的 80 件物品中，有与 L.R. 相关的物品。在 Wager 的探险中，约有 20 件探险活动与菲利斯特别相关，其中包括一台打字机、一系列被认为是她穿过的衣服以及一些土著物质文化手工艺品。英国皇家地理学会和其他档案馆也有相关材料。我们设想，在对 Wager 进行研究之后，可以围绕 Isobel Wylie Hutchison 形成第二个案例。哈奇森在 20 世纪 20 年代和 30 年代在北极独立旅行。她发表了广泛的文章，是一位著名的公众人物，在 BBC 播出的第一个十年中，她就出现在 BBC 上。格温妮丝·霍伊尔 (Gwyneth Hoyle) 于 2001 年出版了和记黄埔传记。该项目不是试图复制霍伊尔的工作，而是寻求将和记黄埔置于更广泛的北极女性科学家的比较背景中。它还将提供一个机会来关注SPRI和苏格兰国家博物馆收藏中Hutchison留下的物质文化，霍伊尔的书或其他有关Hutchison旅行的出版物中没有详细探讨Hutchison作为收藏家的角色。这两个对比鲜明的例子为探索20世纪北极的女科学家提供了一个极好的起点。他们的历史使北极野外科学的起源和身份故事变得复杂化。它们提供了一个机会来探索欧洲旅行者与北极原住民互动的不同方式，以及与观众分享北极旅行的方式——无论是通过巡回讲座还是早期的英国广播公司广播，或者通过科学出版物和博物馆收藏的材料，这些都继续影响着当今博物馆对北极的展示。