Gender and histories of Arctic field science, 1900-1950

关于北极旅行和探险的叙述通常集中在英雄事迹和勇敢的故事上，在很多情况下，还有可怕的悲剧。在19世纪寻找西北航道以及后来寻找约翰·富兰克林爵士失踪船员的过程中，200多支欧洲探险队出于各种原因进入北极。在这些故事中，土著居民经常被边缘化，就像遥远北方的女旅行者的故事一样。这个项目提供了一个机会来探索北极地区一系列女性的故事，并探索20世纪初人们对女科学家、女旅行者和女收藏家的态度。该项目将重点关注菲利斯·韦格和她的嫂子基特，但有机会发展对其他关键演员的比较关注，如伊泽贝尔·怀利·哈奇森。菲利斯·韦格（Phyllis Wager）在1935-6年的英国东格陵兰探险队（British East Greenland Expedition）中花了大量时间在格陵兰过冬。探险队由她的丈夫，被称为比尔的L.R.韦格教授领导。探险队中有H.G.韦格博士——L.R.的兄弟——和他的妻子，还有几个格陵兰人。菲利斯被描述为“负责所有的家庭事务，有时协助地质工作”，而她的嫂子则被称为“助理植物学家”。韦格档案位于牛津大学自然历史博物馆（OUMNH）。初步调查显示，OUMNH有8箱1935-6年英国东格陵兰探险的材料。目录上列出了她写给供应商的信，以及她写的一篇文章草稿。我们认为，由于报告涵盖了组织和安排，因此有相当数量的材料是关于她的；日记和笔记；报告、出版物和讲座；以及后来的通信和研究。民盟也有一些实物工具，包括韦杰人使用的狗拉雪橇。这种合作的关键是SPRI也拥有重要的收藏。在SPRI收藏的80件与L.R. Wager的探险有关的物品中，约有20件与菲利斯特别相关，包括一台打字机、一系列被认为是她穿过的衣服，以及一些本土物质文化文物。在皇家地理学会和其他档案馆也有相关的资料。我们设想，在对韦格的研究完成后，第二个案件可以围绕伊泽贝尔·怀利·哈奇森形成。和记黄埔在20世纪二三十年代独自在北极旅行。她发表了大量文章，是一位知名的公众人物，在英国广播公司（BBC）成立后的第一个十年里，她出现在该公司的节目中。2001年，格温妮丝·霍伊尔出版了一本和记黄埔的传记。这个项目不是试图复制霍伊尔的工作，而是试图把和记黄埔放在一个更广泛的、比较北极女性科学家的背景下。它还将提供机会，关注和记黄埔在SPRI和苏格兰国家博物馆的藏品中留下的物质文化，和记黄埔作为收藏家的角色在霍伊尔的书中没有详细探讨，或者在其他关于和记黄埔旅行的出版物中。这两个对比鲜明的例子为探索20世纪北极地区的女科学家提供了一个很好的起点。它们的历史使北极野外科学简单的起源和身份故事复杂化。它们提供了一个机会来探索欧洲旅行者与北极土著居民互动的不同方式，以及与观众分享北极旅行的方式——无论是通过巡回演讲还是早期的英国广播公司广播，还是通过科学出版物和为博物馆收集的材料，这些材料继续影响着今天博物馆对北极的展示。

Narratives of Arctic travel and exploration typically focus on heroic exploits, tales of derring-do and, in a large number of cases, terrible tragedy. The nineteenth century search for the Northwest Passage, and later for the lost crews of Sir John Franklin, saw over 200 European expeditions travel into the Arctic for a range of reasons. In these stories indigenous people are often side lined, as are stories of women travellers in the far north. This project provides the opportunity to explore the stories of a range of women in the Arctic, and explore attitudes to women scientists, travellers and collectors in the early 20th century. The project will focus on Phyllis Wager and her sister in law, Kit, but with the opportunity to develop a comparative focus on other key actors, such as Isobel Wylie Hutchison.Phyllis Wager spent significant time over-wintering in Greenland on the British East Greenland Expedition 1935-6. The expedition was led by her husband, Professor L.R. Wager, known as Bill. Among the expedition party was Dr H.G. Wager - the brother of L.R. - and his wife, as well as several Greenlandic people. Phyllis was described as being 'responsible for all the domestic matters and sometimes assisting with the geological work', while her sister in law was credited as an 'assistant botanist'. The Wager archive is based at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH). A preliminary investigation has revealed that the OUMNH has 8 boxes of material on the British East Greenland Expedition 1935-6. The catalogue lists letters to suppliers in her hand as well as a draft article that she wrote. We imagine there is a reasonable amount of material by and about her as the report covers organisation and arrangements; diaries and notes; reports, publications and lectures; and later correspondence and research. The OUMNH also some material instruments, including the dog sleds used by the Wagers. The key for this collaboration is that the SPRI also hold important collections. Of the 80 objects in the SPRI collection linked with L.R. Wager's expeditions, some 20 are specifically associated with Phyllis, including a typewriter, a range of clothing thought to have been worn by her and some indigenous material cultural artefacts. There is also relevant material at the Royal Geographical Society and other archives.We envisage that after the research on Wager has been undertaken, a second case can be formed around Isobel Wylie Hutchison. Hutchison travelled independently in the Arctic in the 1920s and 30s. She published widely and was a well-known public figure, appearing on the BBC as it boomed in popularity in its first decade. A biography of Hutchison was published in 2001 by Gwyneth Hoyle. Rather than trying to replicate Hoyle's work, this project will seek to place Hutchison in a wider, comparative context of female Arctic scientists. It will also provide the opportunity to focus on the material culture left behind by Hutchison in the collections of SPRI and National Museums Scotland, Hutchison's role as a collector is not explored in detail in Hoyle's book, or in other publications about Hutchison's travels.These two contrasting examples offer an excellent starting point for this exploration of women scientists in the twentieth-century Arctic. Their histories complicate simplistic origin and identity stories for Arctic field science. They provide an opportunity to explore the different ways in which European travellers interacted with indigenous Arctic people, and the ways in which Arctic travels were shared with audiences - whether on lecture tours or early BBC broadcasts, or through scientific publications and collection of materials for museums which continue to influence what museums display about the Arctic today.