Co-Metabolism of Sulfonamides in Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Incorporating Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer

水-能源-健康关系是可持续发展中最重要的交叉系统之一。该项目将这种联系集中在污水处理上，而目前的污水处理过程需要能量投入，无法有效地去除抗生素。据估计，每年有70万人死于抗药性感染。本研究项目旨在开发一种新型厌氧流态化生物反应器(AFR)，以同时有效地降解磺胺类常用抗生素、以甲烷形式产生能源和回收再生水。这种类型的反应器在停留时间内表现出与传统废水处理工艺相似的高出水质量，但具有高药剂脱除率和足够的甲烷产量以平衡运行电力需求的好处。这在一定程度上被认为是由于AFBR中使用的颗粒导电活性碳(GAC)介质的物种间直接电子转移(DICE)。通过利用新的代谢组学分析了解磺胺类药物的降解途径及其耐药基因的发生，将开发一种可能适用于其他抗生素类别的研究方法，从而进一步发展有效的药物去除、耐药基因缓解和能源产生技术。在这个项目中，我们将解决EPSRC职权范围内污水中的能源和抗生素耐药性这两个全球性挑战，为水务行业和健康提供双重好处。这些结果将有助于实现2050年法律和英国2019-2024年抗生素耐药基因行动计划规定的英国净零排放。

The water-energy-health nexus is one of the most important intersectional systems in sustainable development. This project is to focus such nexus on sewage treatment, while current wastewater treatment processes require energy inputs and could not remove antibiotics effectively. An estimated 700,000 people die each year from drug-resistant infections. This research project is to develop a novel anaerobic fluidised-bed bioreactor (AFR) for simultaneous effective degradation of sulfonamides, a common-used antibiotic, energy generation in the form of methane, and reclaimed water recovery. This reactor type has demonstrated high effluent quality at retention times similar to conventional wastewater treatment processes, however, with the benefit of high pharmaceutical removal and sufficient methane production to balance operational power demands. This is hypothesised to be due in part to direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) via the granular conductive activated carbon (GAC) media used in AFBR. By understanding on sulfonamides degradation pathway and its resistant genes occurrence using novel meta-omics analyses, an investigative method will be developed that may be applicable to other antibiotic classes, leading to further developments in effective pharmaceutical removal, resistant gene mitigation, and energy generating techniques. In this project, we will address the two global challenges of energy and antibiotics resistance posed in sewage within EPSRC Remit, offering a double benefit for the water industry and health. The outcomes will help to reach UK net zero emission as set out as law in 2050 and UK's 2019-2024 antibiotics resistant genes action plan.