Development of Eye-Hand Coordination in Infant Reaching

婴儿伸手时眼手协调能力的发展

• 批准号: 6760954
• 负责人: DANIELA MARIE CORBETTA
• 金额: $ 6.99万
• 依托单位: PURDUE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-01 至 2005-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6760954
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); age difference; clinical research; eye movements; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); limb movement; longitudinal human study; proprioception /kinesthesia; videotape /videodisc; visual fixation; visual tracking; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The steps marking the emergence and development of infant reaching in the first year of life have often been thought to result from changes in the visual-motor processes underlying the planning and execution of movements. For instance, previous accounts proposed that, at the early stages, infants relied on vision to control and guide their hand to the intended goal. Then, as visual guidance of the hand declined, infants used vision increasingly to identify object characteristics and predict the configuration and trajectory of their hand before contact. Recent discoveries, however, have questioned these interpretations. Studies have found that, at the early stages, infants can reach in the dark, suggesting that they do not need to see their hand to guide it to the target. And, other studies have found that at the later stages, infants regress to non-object-related reaching configurations as if they stopped attending to object physical characteristics and lost previous predictive reaching skills. In the light of these recent findings, it has become unclear how visual motor processes contribute to the emergence and development of reaching in the first year. Because previous research has omitted providing direct measures of infant eye movements during reaching it is difficult to understand exactly how vision contributes to movement planning and execution in infancy. The present proposal aims to perform direct measures of infant visual patterns before, during, and after the act of reaching in the 1st year in order to determine whether, when, and how vision is used in the formation and development of reaching. Specifically, experiments will simultaneously acquire precise patterns of eye movements and arm kinematics in one group of infants followed longitudinally over the 1st year and in one group of adult controls. Recordings will be obtained while infants and adults are reaching for objects varying in size and orientation, and while they are simply looking at these objects without reaching. Eye-scanning patterns and point of regard will be compared across age, groups, and object conditions, and will be mapped onto patterns of reaching. These data will allow to determine what information is attended to before and during reaching, and also when not planning to reach. From these data, hypotheses regarding the processes underlying the development of infants' eye-hand coordination in the 1st year will be assessed.

描述(由申请人提供)：标志着婴儿在生命第一年达到的出现和发育的步骤通常被认为是作为运动规划和执行基础的视觉运动过程发生变化的结果。例如，以前的研究提出，在早期阶段，婴儿依靠视觉来控制和引导他们的手到达预定的目标。然后，随着手的视觉引导能力下降，婴儿越来越多地使用视觉来识别物体特征，并在接触之前预测他们手的形状和轨迹。然而，最近的发现对这些解释提出了质疑。研究发现，在早期阶段，婴儿可以在黑暗中伸手，这表明他们不需要看到自己的手来引导手指向目标。而且，其他研究发现，在后来的阶段，婴儿倒退到与物体无关的到达配置，就好像他们不再关注物体的物理特征，失去了之前的预测到达技能。根据这些最近的发现，尚不清楚视觉运动过程如何有助于第一年REACH的出现和发展。由于以前的研究忽略了提供婴儿触觉过程中眼球运动的直接测量，因此很难确切地理解视觉如何影响婴儿的运动计划和执行。 本研究旨在对婴儿在1岁达到行为之前、期间和之后的视觉模式进行直接测量，以确定视觉是否、何时以及如何在REACH的形成和发展中被使用。具体地说，实验将同时获得一组婴儿的眼球运动和手臂运动学的精确模式，这组婴儿在第一年的纵向跟踪中，以及一组成年对照组。当婴儿和成年人伸手触摸大小和方向不同的物体时，以及他们只是看着这些物体而没有伸手时，将会获得录音。眼睛扫描模式和关注点将被跨年龄、群体和物体条件进行比较，并将被映射到到达模式上。这些数据将允许确定在到达之前和期间关注哪些信息，以及何时不计划到达。根据这些数据，将评估关于婴儿在1岁时眼手协调发展的潜在过程的假设。

项目成果

Infant Eye-tracking in the Context of Goal-Directed Actions.

目标导向行动背景下的婴儿眼球追踪。

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-7078.2011.0093.x
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies
• 作者: Corbetta,Daniela;Guan,Yu;Williams,JoshuaL
• 通讯作者: Williams,JoshuaL