The Art of Medicina: Popular Medicine and Popular Literature in Late Medieval and Shakespearean England

我提议的项目将通过调查大众文学中的流行医学知识，来分析中世纪文艺复兴晚期英格兰大众医学知识的发展。我的研究范围从中世纪的浪漫和戏剧(14世纪末)，通常被理解为对莎士比亚的影响(库珀，2010)到莎士比亚的戏剧(16世纪末)。这篇论文分为两个治疗领域，外科手术和魔术，这两个领域在中世纪和早期现代文学中都有体现(Wallis，2010)。该项目通过对医疗条件和治疗的描述，调查中世纪文艺复兴时期医学思想的文学表现如何影响人们对人体及其相对健康状况的看法。流行医学是指在中世纪大学和其他机构之外使用的简化医学知识模型，用英语或盎格鲁-诺曼语言编写或汇编(Wallis，2010)。通俗文学描述针对广大世俗观众的书面、戏剧或口头娱乐(汉娜，2005)。我的前两章将探讨侵入性和操纵性手术的表现(借鉴亨特的区别，1992)对韦克菲尔德/切斯特悬疑剧中受难的中世纪医学化表现的影响，以及后来在莎士比亚的李尔王、科里奥兰纳斯和泰特斯·安德罗尼克斯的身体切割中的描述。我的第三章和第四章将探讨中世纪社会(桑德斯，2010)中非正式从业者所使用的魔法(草药和护身符)。这些都出现在中世纪的浪漫故事中，比如瓦伦丁和奥森，伊万和加文，帕勒恩的威廉，莎士比亚的《失去的劳动》、《仲夏夜之梦》和《麦克贝》中也有同样的流行背景。我将把这些材料与视觉文化(医学杂物和魅力收藏)中所代表的流行医学联系起来。

My proposed project will analyse the development of popular medical knowledge in late medievalrenaissance England, through the investigation of its representation in popular literature. The scope of my research extends from medieval romance and drama (late C14th), commonly understood as influences on Shakespeare (Cooper, 2010) to the plays of Shakespeare (late C16th). The thesis is divided into two areas of treatment, surgery and magic, which were represented in medieval and early modern literature (Wallis, 2010). The project investigates how the literary representation of medieval-renaissance medical ideas influenced perceptions of the human body and its relative state of health, through depictions of medical conditions and therapies. Popular medicine refers to simplified models of medical knowledge used outside the medieval university and other institutions, composed or compiled in English or Anglo-Norman (Wallis, 2010). Popular literature describes written, theatrical, or oral entertainment aimed at a broadly secular audience (Hanna, 2005).My first two chapters will explore the influence of representations of invasive and manipulative surgery (drawing on Hunt's distinction, 1992) on medicalised medieval representations of the crucifixion in the Wakefield/Chester mystery plays, alongside their later depiction in the bodily mutilations of Shakespeare's King Lear, Coriolanus and Titus Andronicus. My third and fourth chapters will explore magic (herbalism and charms), employed by informal practitioners within medieval society (defined by Saunders, 2010). These are represented in medieval romances, such as Valentine and Orson, Ywain and Gawain, William of Palerne, and the same popular context is present in Shakespeare's Love's Labours Lost, A Midsummer Night's Dream and Macbet. I will contextualise this material with popular medicine represented in visual culture (medical miscellanies and collections of charms).