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Extreme water structure

极端水结构

基本信息

批准号：
2435200
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2435200
关键词：
Extreme water structure

项目摘要

There is a huge interest in the properties of water under extreme conditions of temperature, pressure and environment. This interest ranges from the water vapour jets that apparently emanate from the surface of Europa and Encedalus, fuelling speculation for the existence of vast liquid oceans beneath the icy exterior of these moons of Jupiter and Saturn. Somewhat closer to Earth, ice is found in the polar regions of Mars, and there is growing evidence for flows of salty water during the Martian summer the salt allowing the water to stay liquid at the sub-zero temperatures that are found there. Equally, water at the bottom of our own Earth's oceans, is under pressures of up to ~1000 atmospheres, is mostly cold, being at or below 4oC, but can also be very hot near undersea vents, and is briny, so presenting severe challenges to life. Yet many living organisms have adapted to thrive under these conditions. Whereas pure water and ice, both crystalline and amorphous, under pressure and over a range of temperatures, have been explored extensively using neutron scattering techniques, much less is known about the combined effects of salt content, confinement, pressure and temperature.This project will be based in Leeds and will exploit neutron total and small angle scattering techniques at the ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories The student will make use of a computational modelling techniques known as structure elucidators which provide an ensemble of microscopic conformations compatible with the experimental data and provides access to pair-wise atomic interactions between all atoms in the system of interest. The student will also be trained in the preparation and characterisation of biomolecular solutions, making use of the extensive research facilities within the School of Physics and Astronomy and as appropriate the interdisciplinary Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology at Leeds. The project is highly interdisciplinary and innovative in nature

在极端的温度、压力和环境条件下，水的性质引起了人们的极大兴趣。这种兴趣的范围很广，显然是从木卫二和土卫二表面发出的水蒸气喷流，这加剧了人们对这些木星和土星卫星结冰的外部之下存在巨大液态海洋的猜测。在更靠近地球的地方，火星的极地地区发现了冰，越来越多的证据表明，火星夏季会有咸水流动，因为盐分允许水在那里发现的零下温度下保持液体。同样，地球海洋底部的水承受着高达1000个大气压的压力，大部分是冷的，温度在4摄氏度或以下，但也可能在海底喷口附近非常热，而且是咸水，因此对生命构成了严峻的挑战。然而，许多活着的生物已经适应了在这些条件下茁壮成长。虽然纯水和冰，包括结晶的和非晶态的，在压力和一定的温度范围内，已经使用中子散射技术进行了广泛的探索，但关于含盐量、限制、压力和温度的综合影响的了解要少得多。这个项目将设在利兹，将在卢瑟福·阿普尔顿实验室的ISIS设施中利用中子全角和小角散射技术。该学生将利用被称为结构解析器的计算建模技术，提供与实验数据兼容的微观构象集合，并提供感兴趣的系统中所有原子之间的成对原子相互作用。学生还将接受生物分子解决方案的准备和表征方面的培训，利用物理和天文学院内广泛的研究设施，并酌情利用利兹的阿斯特伯里结构和分子生物学跨学科中心。该项目具有高度的跨学科和创新性。