Fish like it hot? Response of fish and shark communities to abrupt past global warming

鱼喜欢热吗？

• 批准号: 2436074
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2436074
• 关键词: Fish; like; hot; Response; fish

The Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) ~56 million years ago, is the largest of a series of abrupt Cenozoic global warming events. During this event, the oceans rapidly warmed by >5 degrees C and became more acidic, and the world became wetter and stormier with profound consequences for life on land and in the oceans. The PETM was driven by the injection of isotopically light carbon (likely from volcanism) into the atmosphere, and many of the associated environmental changes are similar to those occurring today. Therefore, the PETM is often considered the best geological analogue to understand anthropogenic environmental change and its impacts. However, whilst a large number of studies have investigated PETM biotic and environmental change, very few have investigated the response and long-term impact on marine vertebrates. This is, at least in part, because the body fossil record is patchy, because of a lack of suitable sediments and very poor age control on available sequences to assess short-term biological responses. Yet, resolving the response and resilience of top level trophic consumers to modern anthropogenic change is of vital importance because of predictions of significant reductions in tropical communities productivity, diversity and body size over the coming century with critical implications for many marine-ecosystems and human populations dependent on these resources. Fortunately, ichthyoliths (= fish teeth and shark denticles, generally <1 mm in size) are pervasive in marine sediments and are an underutilized but powerful resource for generating relatively continuous and highly temporally and spatially resolved records of fish and shark communities through time. The student will utilise this novel archive to compile existing records and generate multiple new records of changes in the productivity and diversity of fish and shark communities across the PETM globally. These data will be integrated with extensive palaeoenvironmental datasets. Key questions that will be addressed include: - How did shark and fish communities change across the PETM? - Did high vs low latitude communities respond similarly?- Was temperature the dominant driver of change in fish and shark communities?- What role do abrupt climate events play in shaping fish and shark evolution?

古代 - 欧新新世热最大（PETM）〜5600万年前，是一系列突然的新生代全球变暖事件中最大的一次。在此事件中，海洋迅速被C> 5度C变暖，变得更加酸性，世界变得潮湿和风暴，对陆地和海洋中的生命产生了深远的影响。 PETM是由将同位素轻碳（可能是从火山化）注射到大气中的驱动的，许多相关的环境变化与当今发生的环境变化相似。因此，PETM通常被认为是了解人为环境变化及其影响的最佳地质类似物。但是，尽管大量研究研究了PETM生物和环境变化，但很少有人研究了对海洋脊椎动物的反应和长期影响。至少部分是因为身体化石记录是斑驳的，因为缺乏合适的沉积物和对可用序列的年龄控制非常差来评估短期生物学反应。然而，解决高层营养消费者对现代人为变化的反应和韧性至关重要，这对于未来世纪的热带社区的生产力，多样性和身体大小的显着降低而对许多海洋生态系统和人类群体产生了关键的影响，至关重要。幸运的是，水鱼（=鱼牙和鲨鱼齿，通常尺寸<1 mm）在海洋沉积物中普遍存在，并且是一种未充分利用但强大的资源，可随着时间的流逝产生相对连续的和高度的鱼类和鲨鱼群落记录。该学生将利用这个小说的档案来编译现有记录，并为全球PETM的鱼类和鲨鱼群落的生产力和多样性变化产生多个新记录。这些数据将与广泛的古环境数据集集成在一起。将要解决的关键问题包括： - 鲨鱼和鱼类社区如何改变PETM？ - 高纬度社区的反应类似吗？ - 温度是鱼类和鲨鱼群落变化的主要驱动力吗？