How do biotic interactions shape the response of species to climate change across temperate and tropical biomes? A global study on damselflies (Odona

生物相互作用如何影响温带和热带生物群落物种对气候变化的反应？

• 批准号: 2436091
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Aberdeen
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2436091
• 关键词: How; do; biotic; interactions; shape

Freshwater habitats cover a relatively small area of the globe, yet harbour disproportionally high biodiversity. Climate change is currently dramatically impacting freshwater systems via more extreme drought and flooding, altered patterns of snowmelt, and via increasing air and water temperatures. The combined influences of these factors, along with other anthropogenic pressures, have put freshwater ecosystems among the most threatened of all ecosystems globally. Therefore, it is of priority to understand the resilience of freshwater communities and their biodiversity to ongoing climate change. The role of biotic interactions, particularly competition, is predicted to strongly affect species' responses to climate change. Given recent, large scale changes in biodiversity in most freshwater (and other) biomes, it is timely to generate general predictions for the relationship between competition and response to climate change. However, there have been few large-scale investigations to determine the conditions under which competition interacts with and feeds back on the evolution of climate adaptations. Of particular interest is how changing climates and biotic interactions can influence community resilience, and how such effects might differ between tropical and temperate areas. In this fully funded research project, the student will investigate global drivers of climatic tolerances and ecological community assembly in the context of a charismatic freshwater taxon, the damselflies. We will use recently available phylogenetic resources for Odonates (http://www.odonatephenotypicdatabase.org/shiny/shinyTree/) in combination with comparative methods and citizen science data on damselfly distributions and additional fieldwork to characterise and compare damselfly communities across temperate and tropical freshwater habitats. There is additional potential for experimental components to the work. These data will be used to address major outstanding questions in the ecology and evolution of climatic tolerances and community assembly processes on a global scale. The results will provide fundamental knowledge about how and why species are distributed where they are, ultimately laying the foundation for improved predictions regarding how freshwater communities will respond to ongoing climate change. The project is co-supervised by leading freshwater ecologists at the University of Aberdeen (Scotland), Queens University Belfast (N Ireland), Lund University (Sweden) and the University of Costa Rica, providing a strong supervisory team with extensive expertise in temperate and tropical freshwater systems and cutting edge analytical, statistical and field approaches. The student will be trained in a variety of phylogenetic comparative methods and species distribution and community assembly modelling. There is ample funding and opportunity for collaborative visits and fieldwork in both temperate and tropical regions, with field sites established in Indonesia, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Scotland, Sweden and the U.S. The position comes with full tuition, fees, and living expenses covered for the duration of the project, with all travel and research expenses paid. The student will join the trans-institutional QUADRAT doctoral training programme, which offers rigorous generic scientific skills training and the chance to embed in a large cohort of students and staff studying biodiversity and environmental management, bringing a wealth of team building and collaborative opportunities.

淡水生境在地球仪上所占面积相对较小，但却蕴藏着高度的生物多样性。目前，气候变化正在通过更极端的干旱和洪水、融雪模式的改变以及空气和水温的升高对淡水系统产生巨大影响。这些因素的综合影响，沿着其他人为压力，使淡水生态系统成为全球所有生态系统中最受威胁的生态系统之一。因此，当务之急是了解淡水社区及其生物多样性对持续气候变化的适应能力。生物相互作用的作用，特别是竞争，预计将强烈影响物种对气候变化的反应。鉴于最近大多数淡水（和其他）生物群落的生物多样性发生了大规模的变化，现在是时候对竞争和应对气候变化之间的关系进行一般性预测了。然而，很少有大规模的调查，以确定在何种条件下，竞争与气候适应的演变相互作用和反馈。特别令人感兴趣的是气候变化和生物相互作用如何影响社区的复原力，以及这种影响在热带和温带地区之间可能有何不同。 在这个完全资助的研究项目中，学生将调查气候耐受性和生态群落组装的全球驱动因素，在魅力十足的淡水类群，豆娘的背景下。我们将使用最近可用的系统发育资源的蜻蜓（http：//www.odonatepenotypicdatabase.org/shiny/shinyTree/）结合比较方法和公民科学数据豆娘分布和额外的实地考察，以确定和比较豆娘社区在温带和热带淡水栖息地。这项工作的实验部分还有额外的潜力。这些数据将用于解决生态学和气候耐受性演变以及全球范围内的群落组装过程中的主要未决问题。研究结果将提供有关物种如何以及为什么分布在它们所在的地方的基本知识，最终为改善有关淡水社区如何应对持续气候变化的预测奠定基础。该项目由阿伯丁大学（苏格兰）、贝尔法斯特皇后大学（北爱尔兰）、隆德大学（瑞典）和哥斯达黎加大学的主要淡水生态学家共同监督，提供了一个强大的监督团队，他们在温带和热带淡水系统方面具有广泛的专门知识，并采用了最先进的分析、统计和实地方法。学生将接受各种系统发育比较方法和物种分布和社区组装建模的培训。有充足的资金和机会，在温带和热带地区的合作访问和实地考察，在印度尼西亚，厄瓜多尔，哥斯达黎加，苏格兰，瑞典和美国建立了实地考察点，该职位配备了全额学费，费用和生活费用，涵盖了项目的持续时间，所有的旅行和研究费用支付。该学生将参加跨机构的QUADRAT博士培训计划，该计划提供严格的通用科学技能培训，并有机会嵌入大量学习生物多样性和环境管理的学生和工作人员中，带来丰富的团队建设和合作机会。