Racial Disparities in Food Environments and Diet

22.种族/民族差异和健康差距 目的：饮食与疾病的关系已经确立。老年人口是美国增长最快的亚人口。预防糖尿病、高血压、冠心病和癌症等与饮食有关的急慢性疾病的能力，对这群美国人来说尤为重要。不幸的是，通过教育改变个人饮食的努力在很大程度上并不成功。食品购买模式的病原体表明，人们的饮食选择受到当地环境的影响。然而，当地的食物环境与老年人的饮食之间的关系还没有得到研究。这项研究的目的是调查纽约市老年居民水果和蔬菜的可获得性与消费之间的关系。其他研究表明， 由于残疾患病率增加和收入减少，老年人特别依赖当地环境提供货物和服务。因此，老年人可能是一个敏感的亚群，当生活在受限的食物环境中时，有可能出现饮食摄入不足的风险。 方法：提出了一项横断面研究，其中符合条件的老年参与者将从以白人为主、以黑人为主、低气候和高气候的社区中挑选。已经制定了一项抽样计划，以衡量种族隔离和财富对水果和蔬菜销售地点的联合影响。参与者将接受电话采访，了解他们(A)经常食用水果和蔬菜、(B)购物模式和(C)交通便利的情况。此外，将从监管机构那里获得这些社区出售食品的地点，并将调查食品店出售的水果和蔬菜的价格和质量。我们将使用多层次的统计分析方法来调查水果和蔬菜的可获得性与 居民消费。结论：本研究结果将为改变膳食消费提供更有效的干预策略，并为未来的研究提供假设。

22. Racial/Ethnic Differences and Health Disparities Objective: The relationship between diet and disease is well established. The elderly population is the fastest growing sub population in the United States. The ability to prevent diet related acute and chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease and cancer, is particularly important for this group of Americans. Unfortunately efforts to modify individuals' diets by education have been largely unsucessful. Derminants of food purchasing patterns suggest people's dietary choices are affected by their local environments. However the relationship between the local food environment and senior's diets has not been studied. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the availability and consumption of fruits and vegetables by elderly residents of New York City. Other reseach suggests the elderly are particularly reliant on their local environment for goods and services due to increasing prevalence of disability and decreasing income. Therefore seniors may be a sensitive subpopulation at risk for poor dietary intake when living in a restricted food environment. Methods: A cross sectional study is proposed where eligible elderly participants will be selected from predominately white, predominately black, low and high weath neighborhoods. A sampling scheme has been developed to measure the joint effect of racial segregation and wealth on the location of places that sell fruits and vegetables. Participants will be interviewed over the phone regarding their (a) usual consumption of fruits and vegetables, (b) shopping patterns and (c) access to transportation. In addition, the location of places that sell food in these neighborhoods will be gained from regulatory agencies and food stores will be surveyed for the price and quality of fruits and vegetables sold. We will use a multi-level approach to our statistical analysis to investigate the assocation between the availabilty of fruits and vegetables and comsumption by residents. Conclusions: The results of this reseach will provide more effective intervention strategies for modifying dietary consumption as well as generate hypotheses for future research.