Cardiovascular Health of Seniors and the Built Environment

描述（由申请人提供）：个人生活在一系列分层环境中，这些环境与健康和行为有关，超出了个人水平的影响，如社会经济地位或种族。在许多情况下，这些影响健康的宏观环境影响已经由调查人员通过使用地理信息系统进行了测量，以便将个人的家庭和工作环境联系起来。这一不断增长的研究领域已经引导公共卫生研究人员采取环境水平的干预措施来解决心血管健康问题。然而，由于背景研究主要是横截面的，身体活动往往是在没有评估饮食的情况下进行评估的，反之亦然，关于干预的最佳途径仍然存在许多知识差距。此外，干预措施的方向可能因年龄和其他人口统计数据而异，这一点仍不清楚。本研究旨在评估当地食物和体力活动环境对纽约布鲁克林城市老年人的健康和行为的影响。由于老年人可能更依赖当地的商品和服务，心血管疾病的风险更高，我们的目标是关注65岁或以上的人。我们计划研究建筑环境与老年人健康和行为之间的交叉点，以便为指导公共卫生干预提供经验证据。研究方法：我们将对从布鲁克林五个地区招募的1，655名老年人进行前瞻性队列研究，这些老年人将在基线访视后两年内接受治疗。该研究将包括对食物的环境评估;体育活动和交通资源以及与老年人的访谈，以获得有关营养，体育活动和健康的态度，看法和文化差异的信息。我们还将监测饮食、体育活动和心血管疾病风险因素。我们将衡量食物和体力活动环境的变化和利用对个人行为和健康结果的影响，以及其他环境（身体和社会）和个人水平（即收入）因素的贡献。结论：本研究将提供经验性证据，以了解老年人在其建筑环境中的相互作用及其对健康行为和健康结果的影响。公共卫生相关性：这一前瞻性评估的建成环境对老年人心血管健康和健康行为的影响，旨在发展循证知识，为公共卫生干预提供信息。该提案旨在评估影响心血管疾病风险的个人、物理和社会环境与饮食/身体活动决策和行为之间的关系。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Individuals live within a series of hierarchical environments, and these environments are associated with health and behaviors over and beyond individual level influences such as socioeconomic status or race. In many cases, these macro-level environmental influences that affect health have been measured by investigators by using geographic information systems, in order to contextualize individuals' home and work environments. This growing area of research has lead public health researchers towards environmental level interventions to address cardiovascular health. However, because contextual studies have been primarily cross-sectional, and physical activity is often assessed without evaluating diet and vise-versa, there remain many knowledge gaps regarding the best avenues for interventions. Furthermore, how the direction for interventions may vary by age and other population demographics remain unknown. The purpose of this project is to assess the local food and physical activity environments simultaneously on the health and behaviors of urban Seniors in Brooklyn NY. Because Seniors may be more reliant on a local area for good and services and at higher risk for cardiovascular disease outcomes, our aim is to focus on individuals 65 years or older. We plan to study the intersection between the built environment and Seniors' health and behaviors in order to provide empirical evidence to direct public health interventions. Methods: We will conduct a prospective cohort study of 1,655 Seniors recruited from five areas of Brooklyn who will be seen two years after the baseline visit. The study will consist of environmental assessment of food; physical activity and transportation resources as well interviews with Seniors to gain information about attitudes, perceptions and cultural variation around nutrition, physical activity and health. We will also monitor diet, physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk factors. We will measure the influence of changes and utilization of the food and physical activity environment on individuals' behaviors and health outcomes as well as the contribution of other environmental (physical and social) and individual-level (i.e. income) factors. Conclusions: The study will provide empirical evidence of Seniors' interactions in their built environments and effect on health behaviors and health outcome. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This prospective evaluation of the effect of the built environment on cardiovascular health and health behaviors of Seniors is intended to develop evidence-based knowledge to inform public health interventions. This proposal aims to evaluate the relationships between individuals, physical and social environments and dietary/physical activity decisions and behaviors that effect cardiovascular disease risk.