Comparative planetary seismology across the telluric planets

项目背景随着洞察号地球物理使命在火星上的成功部署和运行（见Banerdt et al 2020和Lognonné et al 2020），以及在月球上放置新地球物理设备的提议，我们已经进入了行星地震学的新时代。尽管如此，关于我们太阳系中的大地或岩石行星的内部结构以及可能最好地照亮这些天体的地震探测器，仍然存在很大的不确定性。一些行星内部存在很好的模型，但其他行星和卫星的模型仍然很差。然而，现在有大量的新工具可以用来了解仪器和未探索的行星内部。该项目将把地球测试过的地震学模型应用到现有的行星内部模型中，以了解我们可以从现有的数据和部署中收集到什么信息，并对太阳系其他地方可能发生的情况进行预测。项目目的和方法布里斯托尔大学对行星内部有浓厚的兴趣。这个地震学项目将侧重于研究来自火星、月球和地球的地震数据，并模拟一系列不同行星的数据。目标行星将取决于学生的兴趣，但很可能包括金星和水星以及我们有地震数据的行星。该项目将寻求回答的问题包括：水星/金星对地震学家来说是什么样的？哪些地震阶段对非地球行星核心的性质特别敏感？不同可行的地球行星模型的地震观测值之间有何异同？有没有一些观察总是有用的？为了回答这些问题，以及类似的问题，将使用一系列不同的工具。除了通过行星传播的地震波的射线理论预测之外，现在可以模拟地震事件产生的完整波场，无论是通过球对称模型还是更复杂的行星（Nissen-Meyer et al 2014，Leng et al 2019）。矿物物理学提供了新的数据和状态方程，可以使用适当的软件将其纳入行星内部建模（例如Connelly 2009，Cottaar等人2014）。该项目将涉及评估阿波罗任务中已经存在的地震数据，检查InSight使命的VBB传感器提供的新数据，并在需要时评估来自地球的类似数据。基于合理的假定行星组成的行星内部建模可能很重要，这取决于该项目的方向。

Project BackgroundWith the successful deployment and operation of the InSight geophysical mission on Mars (see Banerdt et al 2020 and Lognonné et al 2020), and proposals to put new geophysical equipment on the Moon, we have entered a new era of planetary seismology. Nonetheless, there is a great deal of uncertainty regarding both the internal structures of the telluric, or rocky, planets in our solar system and the seismic probes which might best illuminate these bodies. Good models exist for some planetary interiors, but other planets and moons remain poorly modelled.However, a wealth of new tools are now available to understand both instrumented and un-explored planetary interiors. This project will apply Earth-tested seismological modelling to existing models of planetary interiors to understand what information we can glean from existing data and deployments, as well as making predictions on what might be possible elsewhere in our solar system.Project Aims and MethodsThere is a strong interest in planetary interiors at the University of Bristol. This seismological project will focus on investigating seismic data from Mars, the Moon, and Earth, and simulating data on a range of different planets. The target planets will depend on the interests of the student, but are likely to include Venus and Mercury as well as those planets from which we have seismological data. Questions the project will seek to answer include:How would Mercury/Venus look to a seismologist?Which seismic phases are particularly sensitive to the properties of non-terrestrial planetary cores?What are the similarities and differences between seismic observables for different viable models of telluric planets? Are there some observations which are always useful?To answer these, and similar, questions a range of different tools will be used. Beyond ray-theoretical predictions of seismic waves travelling through planets, it is now possible to simulate the full wavefield generated by a seismic event, whether through a spherically symmetric model, or a more complex planet (Nissen-Meyer et al 2014, Leng et al 2019). Mineral physics has provided new data and Equations of State which can be incorporated into the modelling of planetary interiors using appropriate software (e.g. Connelly 2009, Cottaar et al 2014).The project will involve assessing seismic data which already exists from the Apollo missions, examining new data available from the InSight mission's VBB sensor, and also assessing similar data from the Earth where needed. Modelling planetary interiors based on reasonable putative planetary compositions may be important depending on the direction this project takes.