Cerebral Mechanisms of Skill Learning in Humans

人类技能学习的大脑机制

• 批准号: 6987291
• 负责人: CATHERINE Lee OJAKANGAS
• 金额: $ 5.08万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2006-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6987291
• 关键词: Parkinson' s disease; basal ganglia; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; brain circulation; clinical research; dystonia; electrodes; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; learning; lenticular nucleus; motor cortex; neuropsychology; prefrontal lobe /cortex; psychophysics; single cell analysis; subthalamus; thalamocortical tract

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to understand how the prefrontal- and motor-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops contribute to motor skill learning in humans. The project specifically addresses a form of motor skill learning where movement speed and accuracy is scaled to visual input over time with practice, as in learning to use a computer mouse. The studies will evaluate the hypothesis that the prefrontal-basal ganglia loop signals the need to change movement and that cortical-basal ganglia motor circuit acts later to implement the movement adaptation required. The basal ganglia is hypothesized to be the site where the cortical information from the two loops is synthesized, with the globus pallidus pars interna and the subthalamic nucleus initiating the velocity changes. FMRl methods will be used to compare cerebral regions activated during motor skill learning in normal humans and movement disorders patients (parkinson's and dystonia), where learning may be compromised. Next, simultaneous, multiple single cell recordings will be made in either the premotor or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus, and thalamus during these same motor behaviors to identify neural changes associated with signal and set related changes in the two cerebral loops. A unique opportunity to carry out behavioral neurophysiology experiments in human forebrain is now possible in movement-disordered subjects, who undergo neurophysiological mapping to guide placement of a deep brain stimulator. Direct evaluation of the role of cortical and deep cerebral structures in learning can be carried out because subjects can perform visually guided arm movements during recording. This project will help provide important information about the ways in which the frontal cortical and basal ganglia circuits interact during motor skill acquisition. Because we are comparing subjects with Parkinson's disease and dystonia to control subjects, important new information about the cortical and subcortical processes contributing to these motor disorders will be obtained.

描述（由申请人提供）： 这个项目的目标是了解如何前额叶和运动基底神经节丘脑皮质回路有助于人类的运动技能学习。该项目专门针对一种运动技能学习形式，其中运动速度和准确性随着时间的推移与视觉输入进行缩放，就像学习使用计算机鼠标一样。这些研究将评估这一假设，即前额叶-基底神经节回路发出改变运动的信号，皮质-基底神经节运动回路随后采取行动，以实现所需的运动适应。基底神经节被假设为合成来自两个回路的皮质信息的部位，苍白球内侧部和丘脑底核启动速度变化。FMR 1方法将用于比较正常人和运动障碍患者（帕金森病和肌张力障碍）在运动技能学习期间激活的大脑区域，其中学习可能受到损害。接下来，在这些相同的运动行为期间，将在运动前区或背外侧前额叶皮层、苍白球和丘脑底核以及丘脑中进行同时的多个单细胞记录，以识别与两个大脑回路中的信号和集合相关变化相关的神经变化。一个独特的机会，在人类前脑进行行为神经生理学实验，现在有可能在运动障碍的科目，谁经历神经生理映射，以指导放置一个深部脑刺激器。由于受试者可以在记录过程中进行视觉引导的手臂运动，因此可以对皮层和深层大脑结构在学习中的作用进行直接评估。这个项目将有助于提供重要的信息，其中额叶皮层和基底神经节电路相互作用的方式，在运动技能的收购。因为我们是比较受试者与帕金森氏病和肌张力障碍的控制科目，重要的新信息的皮质和皮质下的过程有助于这些运动障碍将获得。