Does phenotypic plasticity help or hinder rapid adaptation?

表型可塑性有助于还是阻碍快速适应？

• 批准号: 2441924
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2441924
• 关键词: Does; phenotypic; plasticity; help; hinder

Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a single genotype to make different phenotypes inresponse to environmental variation. If all genotypes in a population respond to anenvironmental change in the same way plasticity can diminish the heritable phenotypicvariation that selection acts on and slow down adaptation. In contrast, if all genotypesrespond in very different ways, plasticity may speed up rapid adaptation. Whether or notplasticity helps or hinders adaptation therefore depends on the time that selection has had toshape the plastic responses of a population to the stressor it is facing. In this context, theeffect that plasticity has on rapid adaptation could be quite different for populations adaptingto aspects of climate change that have always been part of a population's evolutionaryhistory, compared with adaptation to 'novel' anthropogenic environments such as pollutants.Clonal organisms allow us to test this hypothesis because we can expose the same genomesto different environments and compare the effect that they have on individuals, populationsand communities.The aim of this project is to test the hypothesis that plastic responses to climate-relatedstressors slows down adaptation whereas plastic responses to 'novel' environments speeds itup. The relevance of these findings will be determined by comparing rates of adaptation inreplicated populations exposed to combinations of stressors in the laboratory. Although thereis some laboratory evidence that novel environments expose cryptic genetic variation toselection, we still have little understanding of how relevant this is in natural populations,where phenotypes depend on adaptive and non-adaptive plastic responses to manyenvironmental heterogeneities. Understanding these interactions is critical for predicting howpopulations respond to environmental change. This studentship applies diverse approaches,including field and laboratory skills, microscopy, image analysis, and high-level statisticalanalysis to investigate the mechanisms underpinning rapid adaptation.

表型可塑性是单个基因型对环境变化的不同表型的能力。如果人群中的所有基因型都以相同的方式对不环境变化做出反应，可塑性可以减少选择的遗传表型变化，从而使选择的作用并减慢适应性。相反，如果所有基因型以非常不同的方式，可塑性可能会加快快速适应性。因此，无论是或非倍态性是否有帮助还是阻碍适应性，取决于选择使人口对其面临的压力源的塑性反应的时间。在这种情况下，与适应“新颖的”人类污染物（如污染物）相比，适应气候变化的各个方面的人口始终是人口进化史的一部分，始终是人口进化史的一部分可能会大不相同。Clonalallalsirss允许我们对其进行测试，因为我们可以对其进行测试，因为我们可以对其进行效应，因为我们可以表现出相同的兴趣，因为我们可以表现出相同的兴趣，因为我们可以表现出相同的环境。该项目是为了检验以下假设：塑性对气候相关压力的反应减慢了适应性，而塑料对“新颖”环境的反应加快了ITUP。这些发现的相关性将通过比较与实验室中压力源组合的适应性群体的比率进行比较。尽管有一些实验室证据表明，新的环境暴露了隐秘的遗传变异，但我们仍然对此在自然种群中的相关性几乎没有理解，在这种情况下，表型取决于适应性和非自适应塑料对许多环境异质性的反应。了解这些相互作用对于预测群体如何应对环境变化至关重要。该学生验证采用多种方法，包括现场和实验室技能，显微镜，图像分析和高级统计分析来研究基于快速适应的机制。