Word retrieval in aphasia

失语症的单词检索

• 批准号: 6857121
• 负责人: Arthur Wingfield
• 金额: $ 12.6万
• 依托单位: BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-03-01 至 2007-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6857121
• 关键词: aphasia; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; human subject; information retrieval; language; memory; neural information processing; pathologic process; perception; phonology; psychological tests; psychometrics; semantics; syntax; verbal behavior; vision tests; visual perception; vocabulary

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The focus of this research is the study of the brain mechanisms in word retrieval in normal speakers as revealed by their disruption in aphasia, where these mechanisms have become damaged or dissociated. Following an examination of perceptual competition on naming objects in fluent and nonfluent aphasia, the first of a series of experiments addresses the problem of dissociation of noun and verb impairments in Broca's aphasia by adopting Luria's distinction between predicative and nominal modes of speech. The possibility is investigated that this distinction may underlie this commonly observed dissociation. The next stage of this investigation examines the role of semantic memory in word retrieval by examining patients' competence in identifying the properties of objects to be named and comparing this ability with their success in retrieving the names of these objects. The third question in the research focuses on the stages of phonological activation and implementation in word production. A model is proposed to identify the multi-staged nature of phonological activation. Predicted differences in speed of naming following from immediate versus delayed priming of picture names will be tested with the goal of distinguishing between the effects of early and late stages of phonological activation. Finally, a series of three studies using the "gating" technique examines the differences between Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics by comparing their response to priming with word onsets and with the prosody (stress pattern and duration) of target words. This research program promises clinical insights that will be useful in the differential diagnosis of aphasia as well as making theoretical contributions to understanding the mechanisms of word production and phonological realization.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的重点是研究 正常人词汇提取的脑机制 失语症的中断，这些机制已经受损， 分离在研究了命名的知觉竞争之后， 在流利和非流利失语症的对象，一系列实验的第一个， 解决了Broca's中名词和动词损伤的解离问题 采用Luria对表语式和名词式的区分 的演讲。的可能性是调查，这种区别可能是基础 这种常见的解离现象。调查的下一步 通过检查患者的记忆， 在确定要命名的对象的属性和比较的能力 这种能力与他们成功地检索这些对象的名称。的 研究的第三个问题是语音激活的阶段 在文字制作中的应用。提出了一个模型来识别 语音激活的多阶段性。预测的速度差异 图片名称的即时启动和延迟启动的命名将 测试的目的是区分早期和晚期的影响， 语音激活的阶段最后，一系列的三项研究使用 “门控”技术检查Broca和Wernicke之间的差异 通过比较失语症患者对启动的反应， 目标词的韵律（重音模式和时长）。这个研究项目 承诺的临床见解，将是有用的鉴别诊断， 失语症，并作出理论贡献，了解 词的产生机制和语音实现。