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Word retrieval in aphasia

失语症的单词检索

基本信息

批准号：
7021424
负责人：
Arthur Wingfield
金额：
$ 12.3万
依托单位：
BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2002-03-01 至 2008-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The focus of this research is the study of the brain mechanisms in word retrieval in normal speakers as revealed by their disruption in aphasia, where these mechanisms have become damaged or dissociated. Following an examination of perceptual competition on naming objects in fluent and nonfluent aphasia, the first of a series of experiments addresses the problem of dissociation of noun and verb impairments in Broca's aphasia by adopting Luria's distinction between predicative and nominal modes of speech. The possibility is investigated that this distinction may underlie this commonly observed dissociation. The next stage of this investigation examines the role of semantic memory in word retrieval by examining patients' competence in identifying the properties of objects to be named and comparing this ability with their success in retrieving the names of these objects. The third question in the research focuses on the stages of phonological activation and implementation in word production. A model is proposed to identify the multi-staged nature of phonological activation. Predicted differences in speed of naming following from immediate versus delayed priming of picture names will be tested with the goal of distinguishing between the effects of early and late stages of phonological activation. Finally, a series of three studies using the "gating" technique examines the differences between Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics by comparing their response to priming with word onsets and with the prosody (stress pattern and duration) of target words. This research program promises clinical insights that will be useful in the differential diagnosis of aphasia as well as making theoretical contributions to understanding the mechanisms of word production and phonological realization.

描述(申请人提供)：本研究的重点是研究正常说话者词汇提取的脑机制失语症的中断，其中这些机制已受损或解体了。关于命名中知觉竞争的考察流利和非流利失语症中的物体，一系列实验的第一步探讨Broca语言中名词和动词损伤的分离问题采用Luria对动词性模式和名词性模式的区分导致失语症说话的方式。调查的可能性是这种区别可能是这种通常观察到的离解。这项调查的下一阶段通过检测患者的语义记忆来检验语义记忆在单词提取中的作用识别要命名的对象的属性并进行比较的能力这种能力与他们成功地检索这些物体的名称有关。这个研究中的第三个问题集中在语音激活的阶段以及在Word生产中的实施。提出了一种模型来识别语音激活的多阶段性。预测的速度差异图片名称的即刻启动与延迟启动的命名将接受测试，目的是区分早期和晚期的影响语音激活的各个阶段。最后，一系列三项使用 “门控”技术考察了布罗卡和韦尼克之间的差异。通过比较失语症患者对启动的反应与单词首音和目标词的韵律(重音模式和时长)。这项研究计划有希望的临床见解将有助于鉴别诊断以及对理解失语症的理论贡献词的产生机制和语音实现。