Spectro-temporal analysis in normal and impaired ears

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的长期目标是更好地理解在正常和听力受损的复杂频谱-时间听觉背景中检测和识别信号的能力的机制。拟议的工作包括三个具体目标调查频谱时间处理在正常和受损的耳朵。第一个具体目标是更好地了解听力损失对频谱时间过程的影响，这是我们在信噪比非常差时将可用的声学信号片段“拼凑”起来的能力的基础。在这里，我们将探讨感觉神经性听力损失对1）在感知语音和音高时组合联合收割机异步频谱-时间信息的能力的影响; 2）在感知跨频率语音线索时组合联合收割机同步频谱-时间信息的能力;以及3）在整合频谱-时间信息片段时背景噪声的促进作用（诱导效应）。第二个和第三个目标继续我们既定的研究计划，调查跨频率调制的重要性，在正常的频谱时间分析。第二个目的是测试跨通道与通道内账户的共调节掩蔽释放（CMR）。第三个目的是测试跨通道与通道内账户的共调节检测差异（CDD）。虽然CMR和CDD的原始解释是基于对跨通道信息的分析，但最近的研究对这种解释提出了挑战，并建议仅通过呼吁外围，单通道机制来解释这种现象。心理声学的方法，包括时间边缘操纵，双耳两分刺激介绍，和信息掩蔽开发这些可能的解释之间的测试。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term aim of this project is a better understanding of mechanisms that underlie the ability to detect and recognize signals in complex spectro-temporal auditory backgrounds in normal and impaired hearing. The proposed work encompasses three specific aims investigating spectro-temporal processing in normal and impaired ears. The first specific aim is to obtain a better understanding of the effect of hearing loss on spectro-temporal processes that underlie our ability to "piece together" fragments of acoustical signals that are available when the S/N ratio is very poor. Here, we will explore the effects of sensori-neural hearing loss on 1) the ability to combine asynchronous spectro-temporal information in the perception of speech and pitch; 2) the ability to combine synchronous spectro-temporal information in the perception of across frequency speech cues; and 3) the facilitative effect of background noise when integrating fragments of spectro-temporal information (the induction effect). The second and third aims continue our established research program investigating the importance of across-frequency comodulation in normal spectro-temporal analysis. The second aim is to test between across-channel versus within channel accounts of comodulation masking release (CMR). The third aim is to test between across-channel versus within channel accounts of comodulation detection differences (CDD). Whereas the original interpretations of both CMR and CDD were based upon the analysis of across-channel information, recent research has challenged such interpretations, and has suggested that the phenomena may be accounted for by appealing only to peripheral, single-channel mechanisms. Psychoacoustical approaches involving temporal fringe manipulations, dichotic stimulus presentation, and informational masking are developed to test between these possible explanations.