Spatiotemporal Brain Imaging: Microscopic & System Level

描述（由应用程序提供）：过去十年带来了 革命性的新技术，允许可视化的工作大脑， 人类在系统层面。然而，在这两个国家之间仍然存在很大的差距。 断层扫描技术（fMRI，PET）的时空分辨率，以及 电路水平，动物研究允许机械神经模型。是 本提案的总体目标是开发一套综合技术， 弥合这一关键差距。贯穿本报告的是两个相互关联的主题 建议：（1）提高非侵入性的时空分辨率 技术，这将使离散的直接成像（如列和 层水平）神经单元，其连接系统和细胞水平， (2)阐明与神经元活动的生物物理学相关的机制 我们的成像测量中的“可观测”。两项关键技术 研究的是：（1）极高分辨率MRI和fMRI，使用非常高的 强度梯度、相控阵线圈和3T和7T下的其他进展 非人灵长类动物和9.4T大鼠，以及（2）断层光学成像， 使用三种不同的光学系统增加分辨率和生理范围 技术：直接反射成像，光学扫描显微镜， 扩散光学层析成像这些技术将根据 创伤性“金标准”技术在大鼠须桶皮质研究中的应用 猕猴视皮层，并进一步应用于动物模型的传播 偏头痛和中风中的抑郁症。每一个实验都是为了 允许我们连续地从更具侵入性到更少侵入性， 通过对人类的研究已经知道了很多， 迄今为止，在我们新开发的时空域中进行了探索。 工具将提供。

Description (provided by application): The last decade has brought revolutionary new techniques allowing visualization of the working brain in humans at the systems level. However, a large gap remains between the spatiotemporal resolution of tomographic techniques (fMRI, PET), and the circuit level where animal studies permit mechanistic neural models. It is the overall goal of this proposal to develop an integrated suite of technologies to bridge this critical gap. Two interrelated themes are found throughout this proposal: (1) to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of non-invasive technologies, which will enable direct imaging of discrete (e g column and laminar level) neural units which bridge the systems and cellular levels and (2) to clarify the mechanisms which relate the biophysics of neuronal activity "observables" in our imaging measurements. The two key technologies to be investigated are: (1) extremely high resolution MRI and fMRI, using very high strength gradients, phased-array coils, and other advances at 3T and 7T non-human primates, and 9.4T rats and (2) tomographic optical imaging, increasing the resolution and physiological range using three different optical technologies: direct reflectance imaging, optical scanning microscopy, and diffuse optical tomography. These technologies will be validated against invasive "gold standard" techniques in studies of rat whisker barrel cortex and macaque visual cortex, and further applied to animal models spreading depression in migraine and stroke. Each of these experiments is designed to allow us to serially step from more to less invasive, and move from systems where much is already known through to studies in humans that have not heretofore been explored within the spatiotemporal domains our newly developed tools will afford.