Spatiotemporal Brain Imaging: Microscopic & System Level

描述(由应用程序提供)：过去十年 革命性的新技术，使工作的大脑在 人类在系统层面上。然而，两国之间仍然存在很大差距。 断层成像技术(fMRI、PET)的时空分辨率，以及 动物研究允许机械神经模型的电路水平。它是 这项提议的总体目标是开发一套集成的技术，以 弥合这一关键差距。贯穿整个过程的有两个相互关联的主题 建议：(1)提高非侵入性疾病的时空分辨率 技术，这将使离散的(例如，柱和 层状层)连接系统和细胞层的神经单位 (2)阐明神经元活动的生物物理学机制 我们的成像测量中的“可观测性”。两项关键技术将是 研究内容有：(1)超高分辨率磁共振成像和功能磁共振成像，使用非常高的 3T和7T的强度梯度、相控阵线圈和其他改进 非人灵长类动物，以及9.4T大鼠和(2)断层光学成像， 使用三种不同的光学技术提高分辨率和生理范围 技术：直接反射成像、光学扫描显微镜和 漫反射光学层析成像。这些技术将根据 侵入性“金标准”技术在大鼠须桶皮质和大脑皮层的研究 猕猴的视皮层，并进一步应用于动物模型的传播 偏头痛和中风中的抑郁症。这些实验中的每一个都是为了 允许我们从侵入性更强到侵入性更低，并从系统 在人类身上的研究已经知道了很多，但还没有 到目前为止，我们在新开发的时空领域内进行了探索 工具将负担得起。

Description (provided by application): The last decade has brought revolutionary new techniques allowing visualization of the working brain in humans at the systems level. However, a large gap remains between the spatiotemporal resolution of tomographic techniques (fMRI, PET), and the circuit level where animal studies permit mechanistic neural models. It is the overall goal of this proposal to develop an integrated suite of technologies to bridge this critical gap. Two interrelated themes are found throughout this proposal: (1) to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of non-invasive technologies, which will enable direct imaging of discrete (e g column and laminar level) neural units which bridge the systems and cellular levels and (2) to clarify the mechanisms which relate the biophysics of neuronal activity "observables" in our imaging measurements. The two key technologies to be investigated are: (1) extremely high resolution MRI and fMRI, using very high strength gradients, phased-array coils, and other advances at 3T and 7T non-human primates, and 9.4T rats and (2) tomographic optical imaging, increasing the resolution and physiological range using three different optical technologies: direct reflectance imaging, optical scanning microscopy, and diffuse optical tomography. These technologies will be validated against invasive "gold standard" techniques in studies of rat whisker barrel cortex and macaque visual cortex, and further applied to animal models spreading depression in migraine and stroke. Each of these experiments is designed to allow us to serially step from more to less invasive, and move from systems where much is already known through to studies in humans that have not heretofore been explored within the spatiotemporal domains our newly developed tools will afford.