Organization of the Trichromatic Cone Mosaic

描述（由申请人提供）：我们感兴趣的是锥马赛克的三个锥类是如何排列的，遗传学如何引导这个组织，以及来自锥的信号如何被处理以最终提供我们对颜色的感知。最近，自适应光学已被用于获得高分辨率的图像的锥镶嵌在体内。本提案的目的是利用这一新技术来解决上述问题。为了研究这三类视锥细胞的排列，我们将在一些不同的视网膜位置检查一些颜色正常的男性的视锥嵌合体。迄今为止，这种技术只用于少数受试者，尽管随着最近的改进，这种方法变得越来越实用。将检查色觉缺陷女性携带者中L与M视锥细胞的比例，以帮助评估X失活在形成视锥马赛克中的作用。最后，为了理解如何利用来自不同锥细胞类型的信号，我们将使用自适应光学刺激活体人眼中的单个光感受器，并确定单锥光感受器中量子捕获所产生的视觉感觉。这将在受试者中进行，我们也有他们的视锥镶嵌的表示，以便能够选择性地刺激来自特定类别的视锥。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We are interested in how the three cone classes of the cone mosaic are arranged, how genetics steers this organization, and how signals from the cones are processed to ultimately provide our perception of color. Recently, adaptive optics has been used to obtain high-resolution images of the cone mosaic in vivo. The purpose of this proposal is to exploit this new technique to address the above questions. In order to investigate the arrangement of the three cone classes, we will examine the cone mosaic at a number of different retinal locations for a number of color normal males. To date, this technique has only been used on a small number of subjects, though with recent improvements, the method is becoming more and more practical. The ratio of L to M cones in female carriers of color vision defects will be examined to help assess the role of X-inactivation in forming the cone mosaic. Finally, in an effort to understand how the signals from the different cone types are utilized, we will stimulate single photoreceptors in the living human eye using adaptive optics and determine the visual sensations that arise from quantum catches in single cone photoreceptors. This will be done in subjects for whom we also have a representation of their cone mosaic, to be able to selectively stimulate cones from a particular class.