Proglacial landscape evolution across the Antarctic Peninsula with Holocene climate change

南极半岛周围的冰盖边缘从其大陆架边缘的末次盛冰期（LGM）位置迅速消退约18 ka（Davies等人，2012年）的一个位置，对峡湾的头部，并在某些情况下，在陆地上。这些前出口冰川边缘的特点是突出的（数十公里长）横向冰碛脊沿着主要峡湾。巧合的是，海平面变化和等水位线创造了上升的海滩，多个海岸线和栖息的三角洲（例如，Fretwell等人，2010年）。然而，在东北南极半岛的景观演变的速率和主要驱动力，以响应自然气候变化是鲜为人知的，是有争议的，至少部分是由于缺乏原位观测，冰川作用的风格和复杂的冰消期间和之后的冰平调整的多样性。沿着南极半岛北方的更新世-全新世过渡与13和12 ka BP之间显著和快速的气候变暖以及持续到9.5 ka BP的主要全新世早期高温条件有关（Mulvaney等人，2012年）导致随后的冰架崩塌和冰川退缩（例如Bentley等人，2005年）。从少数几个地点提出了一些全新世中期和晚期的进展（Hjort等人，1997; Bentley等人，2009; Carrivick等人，2012年），但没有广泛的证据表明南极半岛上存在小冰期（Mulvaney等人，2012).有机会研究南极半岛无冰前冰部分的组成、功能和演变可能是极其宝贵的，可以对冰川及其相关过程在多大程度上塑造了地貌产生新的见解。这些系统将大量的融水和沉积物输送到南极半岛的海湾和峡湾（Griffith和安德森，1989年; Kavan等人，2017年，最终到达南大洋。这些水和沉积物通量受冰川波动的控制（例如Diekmann等人，2000; Evans等人，2005年），并反过来强烈影响矿物出口（例如，Bown等人，2018年）和初级生产，因此在南大洋的食物网（例如Wefer和Fischer，1991年）。该项目旨在评估整个南极半岛的景观演变在全新世期间，通过使用高分辨率的三维地理空间分析的新组合;最有可能包括数据集，如最近发布的REMA DEM和行星图像，地貌，沉积学和地质年代学的野心的实地调查。它将开发Carrivick等人的方法和分析。（2018）适用于中欧阿尔卑斯山的冰前区。实地调查将在整个南极洲半岛第二大无冰区-詹姆斯罗斯岛的乌卢半岛进行，并得到捷克J.G.孟德尔站的支持和后勤保障。将这些技能和方法结合起来，就可以对南极洲半岛的全新世景观发展进行基于当地过程的解释，并形成一幅区域图。将讨论有关冰川与冰川消退集水区的沉积物通量、地貌结构-组成（地貌）、地貌功能（例如连通性）和陆地-峡湾联系的问题。

The ice sheet margin around the Antarctic Peninsula receded rapidly from its Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) position on the continental shelf edge ~ 18 ka (Davies et al., 2012) to a position towards the head of fjords, and in some cases onto land. These former outlet glacier margins are marked by prominent (tens of km long) lateral moraine ridges along the major fjords. Coincidentally, sea level changes and isostasy created raised beaches, multiple shorelines and perched deltas (e.g. Fretwell et al., 2010). However, the rates and primary drivers of landscape evolution in NE Antarctic Peninsula in response to natural climate change are otherwise little known and are contentious, at least partly due to a lack of in situ observations, the variety of glaciation styles and complex paraglacial adjustments during and after the deglaciation. The Pleistocene-Holocene transition along the northern tip of Antarctic Peninsula is connected with a significant and rapid climate warming between 13 and 12 ka BP and predominant early Holocene hypsythermal conditions continuing until 9.5 ka BP (Mulvaney et al., 2012) resulting in consequent ice shelf collapse and glacier retreat (e.g. Bentley et al., 2005). A number of mid and late-Holocene advances have been proposed from a handful of sites (Hjort et al., 1997; Bentley et al., 2009; Carrivick et al., 2012), but there is an absence of widespread evidence for a Little Ice Age across the Antarctic Peninsula (Mulvaney et al., 2012).The opportunity to examine the composition, functioning and evolution of the ice-free proglacial parts of the Antarctic Peninsula is potentially extremely valuable, to yield new insights into the extent to which glaciers and their associated processes have shaped the landscape. These systems deliver vast volumes of meltwater and sediment to the bays and fjords of the Antarctic Peninsula (Griffith and Anderson, 1989; Kavan et al., 2017) and ultimately to the Southern Ocean. These water and sediment fluxes are controlled by glacier fluctuations (e.g. Diekmann et al., 2000; Evans et al., 2005) and in turn strongly influence mineral exports (e.g. Bown et al., 2018) and primary production and hence food webs in the Southern Ocean (e.g. Wefer and Fischer, 1991). This project aims to assess landscape evolution across the Antarctic Peninsula during the Holocene by using a novel combination of high-resolution 3D geospatial analysis; most likely including datasets such as the recently released REMA DEM and Planet imagery, and field surveys of geomorphology, sedimentology and with geochronological ambitions. It will develop the methods and analysis of Carrivick et al. (2018) as applied to the proglacial areas of the central European Alps. Field surveys will be based on the Ulu Peninsula of James Ross Island, the second largest ice free area in the whole of Antarctica Peninsula, with the support and logistics of the Czech J.G.Mendel Station. Combining these skills and approaches will permit local process-based interpretations and a regional picture to be assembled of Holocene landscape development across the Antarctica Peninsula. Questions concerning sediment fluxes from glaciated versus deglaciated catchments, geomorphological structure-composition (landforms), geomorphological functioning (e.g. connectivity) and terrestrial-fjord linkages will be addressed.