Dynamic Socioeconomic Disadvantage: Effects on Children

描述（由研究者提供）：现在清楚地安装研究 社会经济不利因素对社会发展有着深远的负面影响， 幼儿的健康成长和入学准备。大多数研究 迄今为止，人们一直把重点放在基于收入的贫困上，忽视了其他重要的 家庭社会经济福祉的特点，包括家庭的 经济困难、财富和债务水平以及人力资本水平。 本研究在现有文献的基础上进行了以下改进：（1）利用 一个大型的，具有全国代表性的纵向数据集的优势（ 幼儿纵向研究-幼儿园队列）， 收入动态的面板研究;（2）描述二元结构的动态性质 家庭社会经济不利因素，即家庭收入和 家庭经济困难;（3）测试关于为什么和 家庭收入和经济困难如何影响孩子的结果。 借鉴我们研究团队在发展方面的不同背景， 心理学，社会学，经济学和实证政策分析，我们建议， 实现以下目标： 目标一：确定家庭收入的参数和模式 一个国家代表性样本的轨迹， 儿童从幼儿园到第一、第三和第五年级的过渡。 目标二：测试各种非递归、事务性 家庭社会经济劣势与外源性父母之间的路径 特色 目的三：评估几个基于理论的竞争假设，测试 家庭收入和经济困难是否以及通过何种机制影响儿童的发展成果。 目的四：研究是否在目标二和三中确定的途径是由邻里和政策背景主持。 我们在解决这些目标的目标是确定潜在的因果机制 家庭社会经济不利因素对儿童的影响， 未来政策干预的目标。

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): Mounting research now clearly establishes that socioeconomic disadvantage has a profound, negative impact on young children's healthy development and school readiness. Most research to date has focused on income-based poverty and has neglected other crucial features of family socioeconomic well-being, including a family's experience of financial hardship, levels of wealth and debts, and levels of human capital. The present study improves upon existing literature by: (1) capitalizing on the strengths of a large, nationally representative, and longitudinal data set (the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort) with supplements from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics; (2) describing the dynamic nature of dual components of family socioeconomic disadvantage, namely family income and family financial hardship; and (3) testing competing hypotheses about why and how family income and financial hardship affects children's outcomes. Drawing from our research team's diverse backgrounds in developmental psychology, sociology, economics, and empirical policy analysis, we propose to address the following set of aims: Aim I: To characterize the parameters and patterns of family income trajectories in a nationally representative sample over the period of children's transitions from Kindergarten through 1st 3rd and 5th grades. Aim II: To test a variety of alternative models of nonrecursive, transactional pathways between family socioeconomic disadvantage and exogenous parent characteristics. Aim III: To evaluate several theory-based competing hypotheses that test whether and through what mechanisms family income and financial hardship affect children's developmental outcomes. Aim IV: To examine whether the pathways identified in Aims II and III are moderated by neighborhood and policy contexts. Our goals in addressing these aims are to identify potential causal mechanisms by which family socioeconomic disadvantage affect children and to identify promising targets for future policy intervention.