Reduction of Exposures & Risk from Pesticides, Allergens, & Other Health Related

减少暴露

• 批准号: 6960229
• 负责人: David Evans
• 金额: $ 8.76万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-05-07 至 2008-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6960229
• 关键词: allergens; clinical research; cost effectiveness; disease /disorder proneness /risk; environmental exposure; housing; human subject; longitudinal human study; pest control; pesticide biological effect; pesticides; prenatal care

The Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health (CCCEH), the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYCDOHMH), and the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) plan to continue our collaborative research to assess whether a building-wide, integrated pest management (IPM) program in public housing is an effective alternative to the regular application of aerosol pesticides. NYCHA has hired and trained community residents to become licensed pest control operators to provide the IPM intervention, and with the support of NYCHA tenants' associations, NYCDOHMH and CCCEH are collaborating to evaluate the intervention's impact on pest populations, allergen levels, and residents' health. IPM attempts to control pests by eliminating sources of food and points of entry, and by using low-toxicity pesticides such as baits, gels and boric acid. The need for an effective, low-toxicity form of pest control in low-income minority neighborhoods has been underscored by CCCEH findings showing that in utero sensitization to cockroach allergens and exposure to pesticides used for residential pest control are widespread in the CCCEH cohort.Prenatal exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos has also been associated with reduced birth weight and length in these children. Further, housing-related exposures are the primary concern expressed by residents at community board meetings we attended to receive feedback on Center research. Our two proposed research projects build on our current collaboration with the city and the community and the Center's research findings. In Phase 1, we will examine the long-term success, durability, and cost-effectiveness of IPM, and in Phase 2, we will test the effectiveness of an enhanced inspection and remediation process to improve a broad range of health-related housing conditions. If successful, these interventions may be replicated citywide, and could serve as a model for other public housing agencies in cities across the United States. The specific aims are to: Aim 1. Determine the duration of lPM effectiveness by measuring (a) how long IPM keeps pest levels reduced; (b) how long the physical repairs, sealing and caulking last before degrading; and (c) the maintenance schedule needed to maintain IPM. The current study of 300 apartments (170 in East Harlem, and an additional 130 to be recruited in Bushwick, Brooklyn) will be extended past the current 6 months to 12 months post intervention. Aim 2. Determine whether a collaborative intervention by NYCHA staff and building tenants' associations can improve health-related housing conditions in NYCHA apartments by measuring (a) residents' perceptions of their overall health, housing-related quality of life, and satisfaction with NYCHA maintenance procedures; (b) control of a broad spectrum of health-related housing conditions; and (c) morbidity in residents with asthma. Additional NYCHA buildings with approximately 200 apartments will be studied. Comparison buildings will receive usual care, and intervention buildings will receive an intervention that includes annual inspection by NYCHA maintenance staff with remediation of health-related housing conditions, including pests, plumbing leaks and mold, peeling paint, smoke detection systems, window guards, and ventilation. Aim 3: Collaborate with the Community Outreach, Translation, and Application Core (COTAC) to assess health-related housing concerns of the community, translate research findings to be understood and used by community members, and assist in activities to help improve policies and practices to reduce environmental risks to children's health.

哥伦比亚儿童环境健康中心(CCCEH)、纽约市卫生与心理卫生局(NYCDOHMH)和纽约市住房管理局(NYCHA)计划继续进行合作研究，以评估在公共住房中实施建筑范围的综合虫害管理(IPM)计划是否是常规使用气雾剂杀虫剂的有效替代方案。NYCHA雇用和培训社区居民成为有执照的虫害防治操作员，以提供IPM干预，并在NYCHA的支持下 租户协会、NYCDOHMH和CCCEH正在合作评估干预措施对害虫种群、过敏原水平和居民健康的影响。IPM试图通过消除食物来源和入口点以及使用低毒杀虫剂如诱饵、凝胶和硼酸来控制害虫。CCCEH的研究结果显示，在CCCEH的队列中，对蟑螂过敏原的宫内敏化和暴露于用于住宅害虫控制的杀虫剂的情况普遍存在，这突显了在低收入少数族裔社区需要一种有效、低毒的害虫控制形式。产前接触杀虫剂毒死蜱也与这些儿童的出生体重和身长减少有关。此外，与住房相关的暴露是居民在我们参加的社区委员会会议上表达的主要关切，我们参加会议是为了获得对中心研究的反馈。我们提出的两项研究 项目建立在我们目前与城市和社区的合作以及该中心的研究成果的基础上。在第一阶段，我们将研究IPM的长期成功、耐用性和成本效益，在第二阶段，我们将测试加强检查和补救过程的有效性，以改善与健康相关的广泛住房 条件。如果成功，这些干预措施可能会在全市范围内复制，并可能成为美国各地城市其他公共住房机构的榜样。 具体目标是： 目的1.通过测量(A)IPM保持虫害水平降低的时间；(B)物理修复、密封和填塞在退化之前持续多长时间；以及(C)维持IPM所需的维护时间表，确定LPM的有效性。目前对300套公寓(170套在东哈莱姆区，另外130套将在布鲁克林的布什威克招募)的研究将从干预后的6个月延长到12个月。 目的2.确定NYCHA工作人员和建筑租户协会的合作干预是否可以通过测量(A)居民对其整体健康、与住房相关的生活质量和对NYCHA维护程序的满意度；(B)对与健康相关的广泛住房条件的控制；以及(C)哮喘居民的发病率，来改善NYCHA公寓与健康相关的住房条件。额外的NYCHA建筑 将对大约200套公寓进行研究。对照建筑将接受常规护理，干预建筑将接受干预，包括由NYCHA维护人员进行年度检查，修复与健康相关的住房条件，包括虫害、管道泄漏和霉菌、油漆剥落、烟雾探测系统、窗玻璃和通风。 目标3：与社区外联、翻译和应用核心(COTAC)合作，评估社区与健康有关的住房问题，将研究结果转化为社区成员理解和使用，并协助开展活动，帮助改进政策和做法，以减少对儿童健康的环境风险。