Melt Ponds on Sea Ice

该项目旨在更好地了解与海冰融化相关的流体动力学。在夏季的几个月里，海冰表面会形成融化的池塘。这些融化的池塘对海冰的反照率有重大影响，进而影响北极的整体能源平衡。因此，融化池塘在地球气候中扮演着一些重要的角色，通过提高我们对它们的理解，我们也可以提高我们对相关气候影响的理解，例如，北极何时可能在夏季变得不结冰。这个项目的主要目标是了解融化池塘的生命周期。以前在北极(https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007231))的观察表明，在融化池塘积累后，快速排水主要通过两种方式发生--通过冰上的宏观裂缝(例如裂缝和密封孔)，然后通过冰的渗透，一旦开始融化，就像一个多孔介质。这个项目将涉及开发数学模型(例如，连续两相流模型，建立在David Rees Jones：http://www-vortex.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~dwrj1/publication/2013-jfm/)以前在该领域工作的基础上，结合数值和理论工作来研究这些排水方法。可以研究的其他方面包括熔池表面水文学(建立在David Dritschel以前的河流水文模型工作基础上)以及融水和雪之间的相互作用。

This project aims to better understand the fluid dynamics associated with the melting of sea ice. During the summer months, melt ponds form on the surface of sea ice. These melt ponds have a significant effect on the albedo of the sea ice, which, in turn, affects the overall energy balance of the arctic. As a result, melt ponds play a role of some importance in the Earth's climate and by improving our understanding of them we can also improve our understanding of related climatic effects, e.g. when the arctic may become ice-free in summer.The main goal of this project is to understand the lifecycle of melt ponds. Previous observations in the arctic (https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007231) suggest that after melt ponds accumulate, rapid drainage occurs primarily through two means - through macroscopic flaws in the ice (e.g. cracks and seal holes) and then as percolation through the ice which, upon starting to melt, acts like a porous medium. This project will involve developing mathematical models (e.g. continuous two-phase flow models, building on previous work in the field by David Rees Jones: http://www-vortex.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~dwrj1/publication/2013-jfm/) to examine these methods of drainage in conjunction with numerical as well as theoretical work.Other aspects of melt pond physics that may be examined include melt pond surface hydrology (building on previous work on the hydrological modelling of rivers by David Dritschel) and the interaction between meltwater and snow.