Knowledge of individuals as a constraining factor in an integrative hierarchical predictive account of emotion identification and its deficits.

识别他人情绪状态的能力是社交互动的关键，这种能力的缺失会导致社交功能受损和痛苦。几十年来，对这种能力及其缺陷的研究主要集中在使用孤立和匿名的知觉刺激来感知情绪的线索--特别是面部表情。当我们推断情绪时，我们可以在多大程度上利用其他概念性的信息，目前还没有得到很好的理解。具体地说，到目前为止，还没有研究调查个人的知识可能对推断他们的情绪产生的影响。这很令人惊讶，因为我们掌握了许多个性化因素的信息，比如个性特征和文化，这些因素可能会影响个人对特定情况的反应，他们的情绪变化有多快，以及他们如何表达情绪。本研究概述并测试了一种预测性编码框架，在该框架下，知觉、语境、时间和与人相关的线索被提取并整合，以推断具有典型和非典型情绪认同的人的情绪。具体地说，我假设情绪推理将作为对目标特征的诱导信念的函数而变化，这个因素与预测编码框架所建议的其他线索相结合，通过操纵不同因素的相对精确度来显示。

The ability to identify others' emotional states is key to social interaction, with deficits in this ability causing impaired social functioning and distress. Decades of research into this ability anddeficits in it have focused on perceptual cues to emotion - in particular, facial expression - using isolated and anonymous perceptual stimuli. The extent to which we might draw upon other,conceptual, information when inferring emotion is not yet well understood. Specifically, no research to date has investigated the effect that knowledge of an individual might have on inferenceof their emotion. This is surprising, since we possess information about a number of individuating factors such as personality traits and culture that are likely to affect what individuals feel inresponse to particular situations, how rapidly their emotions change, and how they express emotions. The current research outlines and tests a predictive coding framework under which perceptual, contextual, temporal and person-related cues are drawn upon and integrated to infer emotion in those with typical and atypical emotion identification. Specifically, I hypothesise that emotional inference will vary as a function of induced beliefs about the target's traits, with this factor being integrated with other cues as suggested by the predictive coding framework, shown by manipulation of different factors' relative precision.