Emerging technologies and sustainable development: How can responsible research and innovation impact the emergence of synthetic biology in the Low- a

新兴技术被誉为可以为社会面临的生存威胁提供“技术修复”的工具，允许可持续发展，同时应对气候变化，粮食安全和环境退化等问题。尽管如此，重要的是要对新兴技术进行评估，以确保预计到潜在的负面后果，并将技术转型与更广泛的可持续性概念相协调。其中一个技术转型是生物经济的概念，其中生物基产品和工艺有助于广泛的经济活动。这导致了生物基创新和商业模式的形成，承认可持续性和资源效率的前景。处于生物技术创新前沿的国家正受益于对生物经济战略的投资，转向生物经济已被公认为对全球南方可持续发展产生影响的潜力。生物技术研究的前沿是合成生物学（SynBio）领域，其中工程原理用于操纵生物部件和系统。合成生物学的一个主要优势是，与传统的能源和资源密集型工艺相比，它提供了一种替代生产途径。这减少了对化石燃料的依赖，并导致环境上可持续的转向改善粮食安全、医疗保健和总体减贫。预计合成生物学将有助于生物经济的成熟，突出了合成生物学与可持续经济发展之间的联系。一些国家已采取步骤评估SynBio;然而，在低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）的背景下进行的评估尚待调查。这导致了一项建议，即SynBio应根据负责任的研究和创新（RRI）的原则，作为科学，技术和创新政策博士学位的一部分进行探索，将发展作为一种新的方法。本论文将利用一系列的方法来探讨SynBio在LMIC中的出现，促进利益相关者之间的协商对话。三个不同的路径SynBio出现将严格评估，以产生创新管理和政策建议，即开放的技术举措，国际研究合作和国家研究和创新战略。这三篇论文将建立在范式，预期治理必须结合传统形式的专家为基础的分析与审议方法建立在社会科学。该项目旨在就可持续性问题在利益攸关方之间开展互利对话，同时调查低收入国家的RRI原则。随后的目标是测试建设性可持续性评估（CSA）框架，该框架允许在技术评估期间使用多种方法。这可能表明，需要采取更多的措施，使加空局与经济发展的概念相结合，第一份文件将侧重于国际遗传工程机器竞赛，该竞赛涉及进入一个开放的基于部件的登记册，以设计和生产有能力解决真实的世界问题的生物体。竞争的“开源/黑客”性质，以及RRI的强烈主题，提供了一个有趣的例子来研究创新模式，可能对可持续的SynBio的出现产生重大影响。第二篇论文将探讨GCRF-BBSRC国际研究合作对SynBio创新和可持续实施的有效性。第三篇论文旨在同时和前瞻性地分析巴西国家创新体系（NIS）政策影响可持续SynBi的方式。

Emerging technologies have been heralded as tools that can provide 'technological fixes' to existential threats facing society, allowing sustainable development whilst combatting issues such as climate change, poor food security and environmental degradation. Nevertheless, it is important that emerging technologies are assessed to ensure that potential negative consequences are anticipated, and to co-ordinate technological transitions with broader notions of sustainability. One such technological transition is the concept of a bioeconomy, in which bio-based products and processes contribute to a wide range of economic activities. This has led to the formation of bio-based innovation and business models that acknowledge prospects of sustainability and resource efficiency. Countries at the spearhead of biotechnological innovation are benefiting from investment into bioeconomy strategy, and a switch to a bioeconomy has been recognised for the potential to impact sustainable development in the Global South.At the frontier of biotechnological research is the field of synthetic biology (SynBio) wherein the principles of engineering are used to manipulate biological parts and systems. A major proclaimed advantage of synthetic biology is that it provides an alternative route to production when compared to traditional energy and resource intensive processes. This reduces dependence on fossil fuels and results in an environmentally sustainable shift towards improved food security, healthcare and reduction of poverty in general. Synthetic biology is expected to be instrumental in the maturation of the bioeconomy, highlighting the link between synthetic biology and sustainable economic development.Steps towards assessment of SynBio have been made in some countries; however, evaluation in the context of Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) is yet to be investigated. This leads to the proposal that SynBio should be explored as part of a Science, Technology and Innovation Policy PhD under the principles of responsible research and innovation (RRI), incorporating the dimension of development as a novel approach. This thesis will utilise a range of methods to explore the emergence of SynBio in LMICs, facilitating deliberative dialogue amongst stakeholders. Three distinct pathways of SynBio emergence will be critically assessed to produce innovation management and policy recommendations, namely open technology initiatives, international research collaboration and national research and innovation strategy.The three papers will be founded within the paradigm that anticipatory governance must unite traditional forms of expert-based analysis with deliberative approaches founded in social science. The project aims to open up mutually beneficial dialogue between stakeholders regarding sustainability, while investigating the principles of RRI in LMICs. A subsequent aim is to test the constructive sustainability assessment (CSA) framework, which enables the use of multiple methods during technology assessment. This may show that additional measures are required to streamline CSA with concepts of economic development.The first paper will focus on the International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition, which involves access to an open parts-based registry to design and produce organisms with the capability to solve real world problems. The 'open source/hackathon' nature of the competition, alongside strong themes of RRI, provides an interesting example to investigate an innovation model that may have a significant influence on sustainable SynBio emergence. The second paper will explore the effectiveness of GCRF-BBSRC international research collaboration for SynBio innovation and sustainable implementation. The third paper aims to concurrently and prospectively analyse the way that policy in Brazil's National Innovation System (NIS) impacts sustainable SynBi