Development of sustainable pathways to integrate offshore wind with emerging and existing offshore technologies and infrastructure in the UK

开发可持续途径，将海上风电与英国新兴和现有的海上技术和基础设施相整合

• 批准号: 2534618
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2534618
• 关键词: Development; sustainable; pathways; integrate; offshore

Offshore wind provides a near limitless potential of renewable energy yet currentlysupplies only 0.3% global power generation [1]. With the largest installed capacity ofoffshore wind in the world, the United Kingdom leads the sector and have committedto the significant increase of installed capacity from 30GW to 40GW by 2030 [2]. Tofacilitate this rapid acceleration of growth within the sector it is essential that thepotential capacity is harnessed in a timely and considerate manner. Traditionally, theprimary route to market is as an independent source of electricity (inc. fixed bottomwind turbines). However, an emerging route, offshore wind as supplementary energysource to a primary technology (inc. wind turbines powering oil platforms) offers analternative opportunity for the integration of offshore wind into the rapidly diversifyingoffshore energy sector.This opportunity is recognised by Oil and Gas Authority who seek to harmonise theoffshore energy sector through cooperation with Crown Estate and Crown EstateScotland. To this aim, the aforementioned authorities have developed a newinteractive map of the North Sea unifying offshore wind locations with wave and tidalsites as well as carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) and Petroleum licenses [3].Growing synergies and transparency with the oil and gas sector will aid emergingoffshore wind technologies when leveraging existing offshore infrastructure whilstpotentially delaying decommissioning (through the repurposing of platforms,pipelines and ports). As 5% of well-head production is consumed by oil and gasplatforms globally, producing 200 million tonnes of CO2 annually, emissions mayalso be reduced [4]. The collaboration of offshore wind with othertechnologies/sectors is not limited to oil and gas. In conjunction with green hydrogenand CCS, offshore wind can be used to abate the emissions of historicallychallenging sectors such as heating, transport and industry by providing a clean fuelsource [5,6]. The success of potential synergies would hinge on the socio-technicalfeasibility of the projects. As means of measurement, the UNFC pillars of socioeconomic and environmental viability; technical readiness; and confidence inestimates offer a comprehensive reporting method [7]. Given the contemporarynature of potential synergies, assessment of the technical feasibility is paramount.By decompartmentalising offshore wind, explicit technology dependant targets canbe set ensuring tangible progress of current and pipeline projects. This is achievedby: (1) critically analysing barriers of deployment, categorised as per the UNFCpillars, and mitigating solutions, (2) quantifying the potential installed capacity/impactof offshore wind technological collaborations (namely oil and gas, CCS and greenhydrogen), and (3) projecting the growth of offshore wind in the UK as per differingtechnological deployment pathways. Through industry engagement, the anticipatedconclusion of this research is a series of projections incorporating a considerateblend of deployment strategies. This contribution to the limited existing literature willaid policy makers, companies and financiers with deployment strategies both in theUnited Kingdom and worldwide. With an abundance of natural resources, rapidlydecreasing levelized costs of energy, and early mover advantage, offshore wind willbe a vital component in the UK's energy mix in the coming decade provided clear,defined pathways to deployment are established.

海上风能提供了几乎无限的可再生能源潜力，但目前仅占全球发电量的0.3%。英国拥有世界上最大的海上风电装机容量，是该行业的领导者，并承诺到2030年将装机容量从30吉瓦大幅增加到40吉瓦。为了促进该行业的快速增长，必须及时和周到地利用潜在的能力。传统上，进入市场的主要途径是作为一个独立的电力来源（包括固定的底部风力涡轮机）。然而，作为一种主要技术（包括为石油平台提供动力的风力涡轮机）的补充能源，海上风能作为一种新兴的路线，为将海上风能整合到迅速多样化的海上能源部门提供了另一种机会。英国石油和天然气管理局（Oil and Gas Authority）认识到了这一机遇，他们希望通过与英国皇家地产公司（Crown Estate）和苏格兰皇家地产公司（Crown Estate scotland）的合作，协调海上能源行业。为了实现这一目标，上述当局开发了一种新的北海互动地图，将海上风电地点与波浪和潮汐地点以及碳捕获和封存（CCS）和石油许可证统一起来。在利用现有海上基础设施的同时（通过重新利用平台、管道和港口），与石油和天然气行业日益增强的协同效应和透明度将有助于新兴海上风电技术的发展。由于全球石油和天然气平台消耗了5%的井口产量，每年产生2亿吨二氧化碳，因此排放量也可能减少100亿吨。海上风电与其他技术/行业的合作并不局限于石油和天然气。与绿色氢能和CCS相结合，海上风能可以通过提供清洁的燃料来源来减少供热、运输和工业等具有历史挑战性的行业的排放[5,6]。潜在协同作用的成功将取决于项目的社会技术可行性。作为衡量手段，UNFC的社会经济和环境可行性支柱；技术准备;而置信度估计提供了一种全面的报告方法。鉴于潜在协同效应的当代性质，对技术可行性的评估至关重要。通过拆分海上风电，可以设定明确的技术相关目标，确保当前和管道项目的切实进展。这是通过以下方式实现的：(1)严格分析部署的障碍，根据联合国气候变化框架公约的支柱进行分类，以及缓解解决方案；(2)量化海上风电技术合作（即石油和天然气、CCS和绿色氢）的潜在装机容量/影响；(3)根据不同的技术部署路径预测英国海上风电的增长。通过行业参与，这项研究的预期结论是一系列的预测，其中包含了大量的部署策略。这对有限的现有文献的贡献将有助于英国和世界各地的政策制定者、公司和金融家的部署战略。拥有丰富的自然资源、快速下降的能源成本和先发优势，海上风电将在未来十年成为英国能源结构的重要组成部分，前提是建立明确的部署路径。