Glycemic Index and Metabolic Syndrome

描述（由申请人提供） 肥胖症和相关疾病（如2型糖尿病）患病率的增加 糖尿病（DM-2）和心血管疾病的发生，尽管 减少来自每日膳食脂肪的能量摄入的百分比， 过去的20年这一观察结果表明，饮食以外的因素 脂肪摄入可能是肥胖症增加的原因， 相关条件。一个这样的因素调节重量，也直接 影响与肥胖相关的发病率和死亡率的因素是饮食 血糖指数（GI）。在这项研究中，我们建议调查协会 与长期健康结果相关的中介预测因子 DM-2及其相关的心血管疾病增加。 在一项为期一年的减肥研究中，我们将比较两种热量限制的 提供70%的可变基准能源需求的干预措施 在32名健康人中，GI（20%脂肪和中等GI vs. 35%脂肪和低GI） 男性和女性，年龄30-40岁，体重指数（BMI）初始值为 25-34.9 kg/m2。将进行以下单盲结局测量 在基线和1、4、8和12个月时：（A）身体组成（脂肪、无脂肪 重量和躯干/总脂肪）将通过双X射线吸收测定法测定 （DXA）。(B)DM-2相关标志物：中心性肥胖（躯干/总脂肪）， DXA和腰臀比，72小时动态血糖每日平均血糖 监测系统（CGMS）、血红蛋白A1 c、胰岛素敏感性和血清 TNF-α水平。(C)与CVD相关的标志物：收缩期和舒张期血 血压、血脂（总胆固醇、HDL、甘油三酯、LDL）、血浆 纤维蛋白原、派-1、C反应蛋白和血清白细胞介素-6水平。 我们预计，这项研究将提供重要的新信息， 对进一步的科学探索以及 临床应用。具体而言：确定可接受的 促进长期减肥的干预措施， 降低与肥胖相关的发病率和死亡率， 代谢综合症将是公共卫生的一个重要发展。在 关于这个建议，饮食中的一个重要问题 目前的能量调节研究是， 高纤维和低GI的饮食比高纤维和低GI的饮食更有益。 不考虑GI的话

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) The increase in the prevalence of obesity and related conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) and cardiovascular disease has taken place despite a decrease in the percentage of energy intake derived from daily dietary fat over the last 20 years. This observation suggests that factors other than dietary fat intake may be responsible for the observed increase in obesity and associated conditions. One such factor regulating weight and also directly influencing the morbidity and mortality associated with obesity is the dietary glycemic index (GI). In this study, we propose to investigate the association of dietary GI with intermediary predictors of long-term health outcomes related to DM-2 and its associated increased cardiovascular disease. In a 1-year weight loss study, we will compare two caloric restricted interventions providing 70 percent of baseline energy requirements of variable GI (20 percent fat and moderate GI vs. 35 percent fat and low GI) in 32 healthy men and women aged 30-40 years with initial values for body mass index (BMI) of 25-34.9 kg/m2. The following single-blinded outcome measurements will be made at baseline and at 1, 4, 8 and 12 months: (A) Body composition (fat, fat free mass and truncal/total fat) will be determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). (B) Markers related to DM-2: central adiposity (truncal/total fat) by DXA and by Waist-Hip-Ratio, daily glucose average by 72-hour Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS), Hemoglobin A1c, Insulin Sensitivity and serum TNF-alpha levels. (C) Markers related to CVD: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, LDL), plasma levels of fibrinogen, PAI-1, C-reactive Protein and serum Interleukin-6. We anticipate that this study will provide important new information that will have practical implications for both further scientific inquiry as well as clinical applications. Specifically: Identification of an acceptable intervention that promotes long-term weight loss and is associated with decrease in the morbidity and mortality associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome will be an important development for public health. In relation to this suggestion, one of the important questions in dietary composition - energy regulation research currently is whether diets that are both high in fiber and low in GI are more beneficial that diets that are high in fiber without consideration of GI.