THE GLOBAL IMPACTS OF POLAR GEOENGINEERING

北极的变暖速度比全球平均速度快2至4倍（Jacobs等人，2021年），（Masson-Delmotte等人，2021年），并且在40年内失去了夏末海冰量的四分之三（Notz & Stroeve， 2018年）。海冰反照率反馈和永久冻土融化释放的温室气体意味着这些变化增加了全球变暖的负担，而极地冰盖的损失是长期海平面上升的最大原因。太阳能地球工程描述了一系列通过反射阳光来冷却地球的建议。虽然大多数研究都集中在全球应用上，但北极显然是一个区域目标。在这个项目中，我将评估太阳能地球工程阻止北极变化的潜力，特别是海冰的损失，以及这种干预对全球气候的影响，特别是对中纬度极端天气和驱动它们的变率模式的影响。英国气象局的哈德利中心气候模型将用于模拟平流层气溶胶地球工程、海洋云增亮和海冰反照率改变的影响。然后，这些模拟将与对历史上火山爆发的气候反应的观测和模拟进行比较，这是地球工程的自然模拟。

The Arctic is warming two to four times faster than the global average (Jacobs et al., 2021), (Masson-Delmotte et al., 2021), and has lost three quarters of its late summer sea ice volume in 40 years (Notz & Stroeve, 2018). The sea-ice albedo feedback and release of greenhouse gases from thawing permafrost mean these changes add to the burden of global warming, and the loss of polar ice sheets is the largest contributor to long-term sea level rise. Solar geoengineering describes a set of proposals to cool the Earth by reflecting away sunlight. While most research has focused on global applications, the Arctic is an obvious regional target. In this project I will assess the potential for solar geoengineering to arrest Arctic changes, especially sea-ice loss, and the implications of such interventions for the global climate, in particular on mid-latitude weather extremes and the modes of variability that drive them. The Met Office's Hadley Centre climate models will be used to simulate the effects of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering, marine cloud brightening, and sea-ice albedo modification. These simulations will then be compared with observations and simulations of the climate response to historical volcanic eruptions, a natural analogue for geoengineering.