THE GLOBAL IMPACTS OF POLAR GEOENGINEERING

北极变暖的速度比全球平均速度快两到四倍（Jacobs等人，2021），（Masson-Delmotte等人，2021年），并在40年内失去了四分之三的夏末海冰量（Notz & Stroeve，2018年）。海冰融化的反馈和永久冻土融化释放的温室气体意味着这些变化增加了全球变暖的负担，而极地冰盖的丧失是长期海平面上升的最大贡献者。太阳能地球工程描述了一系列通过反射太阳光来冷却地球的建议。虽然大多数研究都侧重于全球应用，但北极显然是一个区域目标。在这个项目中，我将评估太阳能地球工程阻止北极变化的潜力，特别是海冰损失，以及这种干预对全球气候的影响，特别是对中纬度极端天气和驱动它们的变化模式。英国气象局的哈德利中心气候模型将用于模拟平流层气溶胶地球工程、海洋云增亮和海冰冰量变化的影响。然后将这些模拟与历史火山爆发的气候反应的观测和模拟进行比较，这是地球工程的自然模拟。

The Arctic is warming two to four times faster than the global average (Jacobs et al., 2021), (Masson-Delmotte et al., 2021), and has lost three quarters of its late summer sea ice volume in 40 years (Notz & Stroeve, 2018). The sea-ice albedo feedback and release of greenhouse gases from thawing permafrost mean these changes add to the burden of global warming, and the loss of polar ice sheets is the largest contributor to long-term sea level rise. Solar geoengineering describes a set of proposals to cool the Earth by reflecting away sunlight. While most research has focused on global applications, the Arctic is an obvious regional target. In this project I will assess the potential for solar geoengineering to arrest Arctic changes, especially sea-ice loss, and the implications of such interventions for the global climate, in particular on mid-latitude weather extremes and the modes of variability that drive them. The Met Office's Hadley Centre climate models will be used to simulate the effects of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering, marine cloud brightening, and sea-ice albedo modification. These simulations will then be compared with observations and simulations of the climate response to historical volcanic eruptions, a natural analogue for geoengineering.