Biogeochemical processes and ecosystem function in changing polar systems and their global impacts (BIOPOLE)

极地系统变化中的生物地球化学过程和生态系统功能及其全球影响（BIOPOLE）

基本信息

批准号：
NE/W004933/1
负责人：
Geraint Tarling
金额：
$ 1137.15万
依托单位：
British Antarctic Survey
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2022 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FW004933%2F1
关键词：
Biogeochemical processes ecosystem function changing

项目摘要

Climate change is threatening two key ecosystem services provided by the ocean for humankind: food and storage of atmospheric carbon. The polar regions are major influences on both but are also experiencing the most dramatic and rapid changes. A better understanding of the factors affecting how nutrients are supplied and biologically processed in the ocean is needed to assess the future risk to quantify the dependence of the Earth system, and humanity, on this essential global function that supports global productivity and fisheries. Key nutrients, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), are not evenly distributed across the global ocean but are in excess in the polar regions from where they are exported to lower latitudes by ocean circulation. Living matter is produced through combining N, P and carbon (C) (and other minor elements) in a ratio that is more or less the same in most regions of the global ocean. However, the ratios found in the polar regions are substantially different. This is because, firstly, polar nutrients come from a diversity of sources (glaciers, sea-ice, rivers and other seas). Secondly, the polar ecosystem processes these nutrients and carbon in distinct ways. This results in i) a nutrient surplus, which is exported from the polar oceans and supports productivity globally, and ii) the transport of carbon from the atmosphere into deep waters distant from the atmosphere. The pressing issue is that rapid climatic change at the poles is changing both the supply of nutrients and the processing capacity of their ecosystems. This threatens not only the marine food stocks on which humanity depends but also the biological drawdown of C in the oceans, a critical regulator of global climate. Our ability to fully characterise and predict this threat is limited by inadequate representation of polar biogeochemical and ecosystem processes in Earth System Models (ESMs). BIOPOLE represents and links together many of the major environmental research institutes in the UK, who will work with national and international partners to address this problem. We propose an ambitious combination of focussed observations, novel analyses and computer simulations to radically improve our ability to measure, understand and predict how nutrient supply and C storage in the polar regions will be affected by climate change. BIOPOLE will further identify and quantify the wider global impacts to ocean productivity and fisheries. We will sample and collect data at both poles to take a full Earth system perspective of this problem. The latest experimental and observational techniques will delineate C and nutrient processing by the unique polar communities. It will include the use of novel autonomous technologies to collect data over longer periods and greater areas than can be achieved by ships alone. Global modelling will be informed by the new understanding generated and used alongside other modelling approaches to better quantify the role that polar oceans play in sustaining global oceanic primary productivity and fish stocks, and to predict future trends. Climate change is proceeding faster at the poles than any other region, resulting in sea-ice loss and glacial melting. There is a clear urgency in understanding the full biogeochemical and ecosystem level implications of these changes for the polar regions themselves and for the wider Earth system. As ice retreats, the fragile and globally significant ecosystems that are exposed require international protection, which depends on building a strong body of scientific evidence through co-ordinated polar science. Direct outputs from the ocean resulting from ocean productivity have been valued at $6.9trn, while that of the capacity of the oceans to absorb C is $4.3trn. The uncertainty in how climate change will impact these roles remains large, requiring both scientific and economic evaluation, and presenting a pressing challenge for both science and society.

气候变化威胁着海洋为人类提供的两种关键生态系统服务：食物和大气碳的储存。极地地区对两者都是主要影响，但也正在经历最大和最快的变化。需要更好地了解影响养分在海洋中提供和生物学处理的因素，以评估未来的风险，以量化地球系统和人类对这一支持全球生产力和渔业的基本全球功能的依赖性。关键营养物质，例如氮（N）和磷（P），在整个全球海洋中均匀分布，而是在极地地区过量，从那里通过海洋循环出口到较低的纬度。生活物质是通过将N，P和碳（C）（和其他次要元素）组合起来的，在全球海洋的大多数地区或多或少相同。但是，在极地区域中发现的比率大不相同。这是因为首先，极性养分来自多种来源（冰川，海冰，河流和其他海洋）。其次，极地生态系统以不同的方式处理这些营养和碳。这导致i）营养盈余，从极地海洋出口并在全球范围内支持生产力，ii）碳从大气中运输到远离大气的深水中。紧迫的问题是，两极的快速气候变化正在改变养分的供应和生态系统的加工能力。这不仅威胁着人类所依赖的海洋食品股票，而且威胁着C海洋中C的生物学逐渐减少，这是全球气候的关键调节者。我们完全表征和预测这种威胁的能力受到地球系统模型（ESMS）中极性生物地球化学和生态系统过程的表示不足的限制。 Biopole代表并将英国的许多主要环境研究机构联系在一起，他们将与国家和国际合作伙伴合作解决这一问题。我们提出了雄心勃勃的观察，新颖的分析和计算机模拟的雄心勃勃的组合，以从根本上提高我们测量，理解和预测极地区域中的营养供应和C存储的能力，这将如何受到气候变化的影响。 Biopole将进一步识别并量化对海洋生产力和渔业的全球影响。我们将在两个电线杆上采样并收集数据，以对此问题进行完整的地球系统观点。最新的实验和观察技术将通过独特的极地社区描述C和营养加工。它将包括使用新颖的自主技术在更长的时间内收集数据，并且比仅船只可以实现的领域更大。全球建模将通过与其他建模方法一起产生和使用的新理解来告知，以更好地量化极地海洋在维持全球海洋初级生产力和鱼类种群中的作用，并预测未来的趋势。与其他任何区域相比，在两极的气候变化速度要快，导致海冰损失和冰川熔化。了解这些变化对极地区域本身和更广泛的地球系统的全部生物地球化学和生态系统水平的含义清楚。随着冰的撤退，暴露的脆弱和全球重要的生态系统需要国际保护，这取决于通过协调的极地科学来建立大量的科学证据。海洋生产率导致海洋的直接产出的价值为6.9trn，而海洋吸收C的能力为4.3trn。气候变化将如何影响这些角色的不确定性仍然很大，需要科学和经济评估，并对科学和社会提出了紧迫的挑战。