All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But What About the Greens?

本研究对法国和英国的当代环境运动进行了交叉分析。它通过压迫结构重叠的方式来思考迫在眉睫的环境危机。交叉性是黑人女权主义的一个框架，它揭示了压迫之间的结构性关系，如种族主义、性别歧视和阶级歧视。现有的环境和环境运动的社会分析往往采取单一的方法，只关注社会认同的一个方面，如种族或性别。然而，这个项目试图采取交叉的方法，询问不同的压迫结构如何以及为什么在环境活动家构建他们的主张和组织他们的回应的方式中相互作用。这使我们能够思考后殖民主义、女权主义和环保主义等关键方法之间的联系和差距。这项研究旨在为更具包容性的环保主义创造机会，并扩大与其他社会运动联合组织的潜力。该项目解决了以下研究问题：-交叉性如何帮助我们理解环境运动？-交集性在美国以外是一个相关的概念吗？它是如何跨越不同的文化、政治和语言背景，特别是在欧洲传播的？-移民、种族和性别等类别在形成和传播环保主义主张方面有多相关？最重要的是，这个项目突出了那些在环境行动主义叙事中经常被抹去的人的立场：他们的经历在很大程度上是性别、种族化和其他方面被边缘化的人。该项目的多方法方法包括档案研究、理论分析、民族志田野调查和访谈。通过关注草根活动家的经验，本研究将增加环境团体在包容性和环境主义哲学方面的跨国学习。此外，它希望提出明确将社会问题与环境保护主义联系起来的理论和概念。

This research applies an intersectional analysis to the contemporary environmental movement in both France and the UK. It thinks through the ways that structures of oppression overlap in relation to impending environmental crisis. Intersectionality is a Black feminist framework which exposes the structural relationships between oppressions, such as racism, sexism, and classism.Existing social analyses of the environment and environmental movement often take a singular approach, focusing only on one aspect of social identity, such as race or gender. However, this project seeks to take an intersectional approach, asking how and why different structures of oppression interact within the ways that environmental activists frame their claims and organise their responses. This enables us to think about the links and gaps amongst critical approaches such as postcolonialism, feminism, and environmentalism. This study aims to create opportunities for more inclusive environmentalisms and expands the potential for coalitional organising with other social movements.The project addresses the following research questions:- How does intersectionality help us understand environmental movements?- Is intersectionality a relevant concept outside of its US origins? How does it travel across different cultural, political, and linguistic contexts, specifically in Europe? - How relevant are categories such as diaspora, race, and gender in forming and communicating environmentalist claims?Above all, this project foregrounds the standpoints of those too frequently erased from narratives of environmental activism: marginalised people whose experiences are gendered, racialised, and othered in significant ways. The project's multi-methods approach includes archival research, theoretical analysis, ethnographic fieldwork, and interviews. Through a focus on the experiences of grassroots activists, this research will increase transnational learning amongst environmental groups in relation to inclusivity and philosophies of environmentalism. Furthermore, it hopes to advance theories and concepts which explicitly connect social issues to environmentalism.