All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But What About the Greens?

本研究采用交叉分析，以当代环境运动在法国和英国。它思考了压迫结构与即将到来的环境危机的重叠方式。交叉性是一个黑人女性主义的框架，它揭示了种族主义、性别主义和阶级主义之间的结构关系。现有的环境和环境运动的社会分析往往采取单一的方法，只关注社会身份的一个方面，如种族或性别。然而，这个项目试图采取一种交叉的方法，询问不同的压迫结构如何以及为什么在环境活动家框架他们的主张和组织他们的反应的方式中相互作用。这使我们能够思考批判方法之间的联系和差距，如后殖民主义，女权主义和环保主义。本研究旨在为更具包容性的环保主义创造机会，并扩大与其他社会运动联合组织的潜力。该项目解决了以下研究问题：-交叉性如何帮助我们理解环保运动？-交叉性在其美国起源之外是一个相关的概念吗？它是如何在不同的文化、政治和语言背景下传播的，特别是在欧洲？- 侨民、种族和性别等类别在形成和传播环保主义主张方面有何相关性？最重要的是，这个项目突出了那些经常从环境行动主义的叙述中抹去的人的立场：边缘化的人，他们的经历是性别化的，种族化的，以及其他重要的方式。该项目的多方法方法包括档案研究，理论分析，民族志实地考察和访谈。通过关注基层活动家的经验，这项研究将增加环境团体之间关于包容性和环保主义哲学的跨国学习。此外，它还希望提出明确将社会问题与环保主义联系起来的理论和概念。

This research applies an intersectional analysis to the contemporary environmental movement in both France and the UK. It thinks through the ways that structures of oppression overlap in relation to impending environmental crisis. Intersectionality is a Black feminist framework which exposes the structural relationships between oppressions, such as racism, sexism, and classism.Existing social analyses of the environment and environmental movement often take a singular approach, focusing only on one aspect of social identity, such as race or gender. However, this project seeks to take an intersectional approach, asking how and why different structures of oppression interact within the ways that environmental activists frame their claims and organise their responses. This enables us to think about the links and gaps amongst critical approaches such as postcolonialism, feminism, and environmentalism. This study aims to create opportunities for more inclusive environmentalisms and expands the potential for coalitional organising with other social movements.The project addresses the following research questions:- How does intersectionality help us understand environmental movements?- Is intersectionality a relevant concept outside of its US origins? How does it travel across different cultural, political, and linguistic contexts, specifically in Europe? - How relevant are categories such as diaspora, race, and gender in forming and communicating environmentalist claims?Above all, this project foregrounds the standpoints of those too frequently erased from narratives of environmental activism: marginalised people whose experiences are gendered, racialised, and othered in significant ways. The project's multi-methods approach includes archival research, theoretical analysis, ethnographic fieldwork, and interviews. Through a focus on the experiences of grassroots activists, this research will increase transnational learning amongst environmental groups in relation to inclusivity and philosophies of environmentalism. Furthermore, it hopes to advance theories and concepts which explicitly connect social issues to environmentalism.