Sun Protection for Florida's Children

说明(申请人提供)：该项目的目的是开发一种以学校为基础的综合防晒干预措施，特别强调当儿童在户外时使用帽子。这项干预将针对佛罗里达州希尔斯伯勒县的四年级儿童。这项干预将以合理行动和有计划的行为理论为基础，旨在实现以下目标：1)增加儿童关于帽子的防晒知识，2)培养关于戴帽子的更积极的态度3)改变戴帽子的主观规范，4)针对儿童认为可以控制其戴帽子行为的人(家长、教师)和5)增加儿童在户外时(主要结果)和在户外而不是在学校时使用帽子(次要结果)。 为了实现这些目标，干预措施将是多方面的，将包括1)与学校校长举行个别会议，以促进学校鼓励儿童在户外使用帽子的政策2)与四年级教师举行会议，解释防晒和使用帽子的重要性，并解决教师潜在的担忧3)与四年级儿童举行课堂会议，提高防晒知识，培养对使用帽子更积极的态度，这改变了在学校戴帽子的主观规范4)后续会议向孩子们提供免费的帽子，帽子上有代表他们学校的定制帽子设计5)防晒教育材料被邮寄给目标儿童的父母。 该项目的总体效果将使用随机对照设计来确定，在该设计中，将随机选择20所学校接受以学校为基础的干预或作为对照。将在两年的时间里评估两种行为结果：1)在学校使用什么；2)在外面和不在学校使用什么。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this proposed project is to develop a school-based comprehensive sun protection intervention with a special emphasis on the use of hats when children are outdoors. The intervention will be targeted to fourth grade children in Hillsborough County Florida. The intervention will be based on the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior and will be structured to accomplish the following goals: 1) Increase sun protection knowledge of children in regards to hats, 2) Foster more positive attitudes in regard to wearing hats 3) Change the subjective norm of wearing hats, 4) Target persons that children perceive as controlling their behavior of wearing hats (parents, teachers) and 5) Increase the use of hats when children are outdoors at school (primary outcome) and when outdoors at times other than school (secondary outcome). To accomplish these goals, the intervention will be multifaceted and will include 1) individual sessions with school principals to facilitate a school policy that encourages the use of hats when children are outdoors 2) a session with fourth grade teachers that explains the importance of sun protection and hat use, and that addresses potential concerns by teachers 3) classroom sessions with fourth grade children that improves sun protection knowledge, fosters more positive attitudes about hat use, and that changes the subjective norm of wearing hats when at school 4) follow-up sessions in which children are provided free hats with a customized hat design that represents their school 5) sun protection educational materials that are mailed to the parents of targeted children. The overall effectiveness of the project will be determined using a randomized controlled design in which 20 schools will be randomized to either receive the school-based intervention or to serve as controls. Two behavioral outcomes will be assessed over a two-year period: 1) hat use while in school and 2) hat use while outside and not at school.