Smoking Bans and Health: Effects of Exposure on the Job

禁烟令与健康：接触吸烟对工作的影响

• 批准号: 6849500
• 负责人: Marianne P Bitler
• 金额: $ 8.94万
• 依托单位: RAND CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-01 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6849500
• 关键词: adult human (21+); behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; data collection methodology /evaluation; embryo /fetus toxicology; health related legal; health surveys; human data; human mortality; infant human (0-1 year); low birth weight infant human; mathematical model; occupational health /safety; passive smoking; smoking; substance abuse epidemiology; tobacco abuse; tobacco abuse prevention

DESCRIPTION: While few would dispute that smoking has a negative impact on health, there is less of a consensus about the health effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), or second-hand smoke. While there are a host of studies of workplace bans on smoking, many suffer from possible selection bias. This research aims to examine whether workplace smoking bans implemented by state or local authorities- instead of by individual firms--are successful in reducing smoking and exposure to ETS. This research also aims to examine whether workplace smoking bans improve infant and adult health outcomes, including mortality, by reducing smoking and exposure to ETS. These goals are to be accomplished by, in part, a comparison of health outcomes for workers in the food services industry and other workers, before and after implementation of smoking bans. This research contrasts food services workers and other workers because workers at bars and restaurants face high rates of ETS from patrons in the absence of smoking bans. While smoking bans may influence own rates of smoking similarly for food services and other workers, workers at bars and restaurants should experience a relatively large, exogenous decrease in ETS compared with other workers following implementation of a smoking ban. Data from the Current Population Survey Tobacco Use Supplements, the California Tobacco Surveys, several sources of birth certificate data, and death certificate data are utilized to examine the effect of various legislation banning smoking in public places, including private workplaces. The study focuses on smoking bans in California and in El Paso, Texas, but also examines the impact of statewide bans using nationally representative data.

产品说明： 虽然很少有人会质疑吸烟对健康有负面影响，但对于环境烟草烟雾（ETS）或二手烟对健康的影响却没有达成共识。虽然有许多关于工作场所禁烟的研究，但许多研究都可能存在选择偏见。这项研究旨在检查由州或地方当局而不是个别公司实施的工作场所禁烟令是否成功地减少了吸烟和暴露于ETS。这项研究还旨在研究工作场所禁烟是否通过减少吸烟和暴露于ETS来改善婴儿和成人的健康状况，包括死亡率。这些目标的实现，在一定程度上，在食品服务行业的工人和其他工人的健康结果进行比较，实施禁烟令之前和之后。这项研究对比了食品服务工作者和其他工作者，因为在没有禁烟令的情况下，酒吧和餐馆的工作者面临着来自顾客的高ETS率。虽然禁烟令可能会影响自己的吸烟率类似的食品服务和其他工人，在酒吧和餐馆的工人应该经历一个相对较大的，外源性减少ETS相比，其他工人实施禁烟令。来自当前人口调查烟草使用补充剂、加州烟草调查、出生证明数据的几个来源和死亡证明数据的数据被用来检查各种立法禁止在公共场所吸烟的影响，包括私人工作场所。这项研究的重点是加州和得克萨斯州埃尔帕索的禁烟令，但也使用全国代表性的数据研究了全州禁烟的影响。