Investments, Life Events, and Health Within and Across Generations

代内和跨代的投资、生活事件和健康

• 批准号: 10448367
• 负责人: Marianne P Bitler
• 金额: $ 40.37万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-20 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10448367
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Adopted; Adoption; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Age; Buffers; Businesses; Child; Childhood; Cognitive; Cohort Effect; County; Data; Data Set; Development; Disadvantaged; Disease; Early-life trauma; Economic Models; Economics; Education; Educational Intervention; Elderly; Environment; Event; Exposure to; Family Characteristics; Food; Future; Future Generations; Generations; Geographic Locations; Geography; Goals; Government; Government Programs; Head Start Program; Health; Health Food; Healthcare; Individual; Inequality; Intervention; Investigation; Investments; Lead; Length; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Life Experience; Light; Link; Literature; Location; Malnutrition; Measures; Mediator of activation protein; Medicaid; Modeling; Natural experiment; Outcome; Personal Satisfaction; Play; Policies; Politics; Poverty; Psychology; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Running; Sampling; Shapes; Shock; Source; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; Speed; Surveys; Technology; Testing; Time; Translating; Variant; War; Work; cohort; early childhood; early life exposure; economic outcome; experience; health economics; health inequalities; human capital; human model; improved; in utero; infancy; interest; intervention program; middle childhood; next generation; nutrition; offspring; prenatal exposure; programs; safety net; skills; social; successful intervention

PROJECT SUMMARY A growing body of research documents that early-life environments play an important role in shaping child and adult well-being. We now know that in-utero and early-life exposure to compromised health environments (e.g., disease exposure, malnutrition) often produces adverse effects that persist well into adulthood. Many government programs aim to counteract these negative effects by providing better access to nutrition, health care, and early education. Recent studies find that childhood access to some of these programs (e.g., Food Stamps, WIC, Head Start, Medicaid) lead to later-life improvements in individuals' health and economic outcomes. Taken together, these two literatures—documenting the impacts of negative health “shocks” and the impacts of positive investments—make clear that early-life influences have long-lasting effects. Yet, we know surprisingly little about why the effects persist, nor do we know the scope for later-life investments to mitigate the long-run effects of early-life trauma. We also do not know the extent to which later positive investments sustain (or even amplify) the beneficial impacts of early social investments. Moreover, existing studies typically focus on examining the impacts of specific health events or investments in isolation and ignore how additional events or later investments might alter the trajectory of early-life experiences. A key aim of this project will be to test how these programs interact with each other across the life course and into the next generation. We will also investigate whether later-life interventions can reduce the persistent effects of early-life health shocks. To achieve these goals, we will leverage policy variation across space and over time, including county-level variation in the initial “rollout” of the Food Stamp and WIC programs, and state level differences in the 1980s Medicaid expansions. We will link these program data to different sources of administrative and survey data, which will provide us with very large samples that maximize statistical power, increase our ability to uncover mediators, and detect the presence of interactive effects. The dataset describing how the policies rolled out and associated caseloads and spending will be made available to all interested researchers. Together, these projects will allow us to examine a wide range of intermediate- and long-term outcomes and will provide new information on the efficacy of government policies intended to mitigate health and economic inequalities. For example, understanding the extent to which public health investments mitigate the effects of health “insults” is an important step towards identifying which government interventions can most effectively reduce long-run health inequalities. Our work will also be critical for understanding the role of the safety net in combating many early life challenges faced by disadvantaged children. Finally, our work will directly inform economic models of human capital and technology of skill-formation. 1

项目概要 越来越多的研究表明，早期生活环境在塑造儿童和青少年方面发挥着重要作用。 成人的幸福。我们现在知道，在子宫内和生命早期暴露于受损的健康环境 （例如，疾病暴露、营养不良）通常会产生不利影响，并持续到成年期。许多 政府计划旨在通过提供更好的营养、健康机会来抵消这些负面影响 护理和早期教育。最近的研究发现，儿童时期接触其中一些项目（例如食品 邮票、WIC、Head Start、医疗补助）可改善个人的晚年健康和经济状况 结果。总而言之，这两篇文献记录了负面健康“冲击”的影响和 积极投资的影响——明确早年的影响具有长期的影响。然而，我们知道 令人惊讶的是，我们对这种影响持续存在的原因知之甚少，也不知道晚年投资可以减轻的范围 早年创伤的长期影响。我们也不知道后来的积极投资在多大程度上 维持（甚至放大）早期社会投资的有益影响。此外，现有研究通常 专注于单独审查特定健康事件或投资的影响，而忽略额外的影响 事件或后来的投资可能会改变早期生活经历的轨迹。该项目的一个主要目标是 测试这些程序如何在整个生命过程中相互影响并进入下一代。我们将 还调查晚年干预是否可以减少早年健康冲击的持续影响。到 为了实现这些目标，我们将利用跨空间和跨时间的政策变化，包括县级政策 食品券和 WIC 计划最初“推出”的变化，以及 20 世纪 80 年代各州层面的差异 医疗补助扩大。我们将把这些计划数据链接到不同来源的行政和调查数据， 这将为我们提供非常大的样本，最大限度地提高统计能力，提高我们发现问题的能力 中介者，并检测交互效应的存在。描述政策如何推出的数据集 相关的案件量和支出将提供给所有感兴趣的研究人员。这些项目共同 将使我们能够审查广泛的中期和长期成果，并将提供新的 有关旨在减轻健康和经济不平等的政府政策效力的信息。为了 例如，了解公共卫生投资减轻健康“侮辱”影响的程度是 这是确定哪些政府干预措施能够最有效地减少长期影响的重要一步 健康不平等。我们的工作对于理解安全网在打击艾滋病毒的斗争中的作用也至关重要。 弱势儿童面临许多早期生活挑战。最后，我们的工作将直接影响经济 人力资本模型和技能形成技术。 1

项目成果

Curvilinear associations between family income in early childhood and the cortisol awakening response in adolescence.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105237
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: Psychoneuroendocrinology
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Deer LK;Shields GS;Alen NV;Hostinar CE
• 通讯作者: Hostinar CE

Parenting matters: Parents can reduce or amplify children's anxiety and cortisol responses to acute stress.

• DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420001285
• 发表时间: 2020-12
• 期刊: DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Parenteau, Anna M.;Alen, Nicholas V.;Deer, LillyBelle K.;Nissen, Adam T.;Luck, Alison T.;Hostinar, Camelia E.
• 通讯作者: Hostinar, Camelia E.

Adiposity, Inflammation, and Working Memory: Evidence for a Vicious Cycle.

肥胖、炎症和工作记忆：恶性循环的证据。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100202
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Brain, behavior, & immunity - health
• 作者: Shields,GrantS;Deer,LillyBelleK;Hastings,PaulD;Hostinar,CameliaE
• 通讯作者: Hostinar,CameliaE

Children's altruism following acute stress: The role of autonomic nervous system activity and social support.

• DOI: 10.1111/desc.13099
• 发表时间: 2021-09
• 期刊: DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Alen, Nicholas V.;Deer, LillyBelle K.;Karimi, Mona;Feyzieva, Elis;Hastings, Paul D.;Hostinar, Camelia E.
• 通讯作者: Hostinar, Camelia E.

Multigenerational Impacts of Childhood Access to the Safety Net: Early Life Exposure to Medicaid and the Next Generation's Health.

童年获得安全网的多代影响：生命早期接受医疗补助和下一代的健康。

• DOI: 10.1257/aer.20210937
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: The American economic review
• 作者: East,ChloeN;Miller,Sarah;Page,Marianne;Wherry,LauraR
• 通讯作者: Wherry,LauraR