The Role of Attention in Self-Regulation.

描述(由申请者提供)：本项目探索互动角色 受情境因素和个体心理过程的影响 自我调节情绪和行为。从暴饮暴食到过度愤怒， 许多不利的身心健康结果的来源都围绕着 共同的主题：个人无法控制自己的行为。这个 这项研究的目的是解释为什么个人经常在 自律以及他们如何取得成功。根据这里给出的分析， 自律通常需要花费大量的脑力 资源。当这些资源以某种方式受到限制时，结果是 我们称之为“注意力近视”的状态，个人可以在这种状态下集中注意力。 只关注最突出的内部和外部线索，而忽略了更多 远端刺激。他们随后的行为很可能会受到 这些“中心”线索对动机的影响几乎是排他性的。这种状态 据预测，当注意力缩小时，会导致不受约束的行为 显著的内部或情景线索有助于促进相关行为， 当这些暗示反而暗示要克制时，会增强行为抑制。 具体目标包括：1)论证注意的预测性 近视模型在吸烟、愤怒、攻击性、 和其他行为，2)提出了对现象的两种不同解释 用模型来解释，3)阐明了具体的认知过程 哪个注意范围的缩小会影响自我调节，4)考察 注意范围的缩小是心理/身体之间的主要中介 疲劳和不良的行为调节，以及5)探索 这是应对重大自律挑战的模式。在一系列实验室中 和实地研究，认知负荷操作与操作交叉 人和/或情景因素的影响，并评估相关行为。一个 加深对适应不良的个人和情景根源的理解 自我调节将有助于促进心理健康和福祉。 在高危人群中。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project explores the interacting role played by situational factors and individual mental processes in the self-regulation of emotions and behavior. From binge eating to excessive anger, many sources of adverse physical and mental health outcomes revolve around a common theme: the inability of individuals to control their own behavior. The goal of this research is to explain why individuals often fail at self-regulation and how they succeed. According to the analysis presented here, self-regulation typically demands a significant expenditure of mental resources. When those resources are limited in some fashion, the result is a state of affairs we term "attentional myopia," in which individuals can focus on only the most salient internal and external cues, to the neglect of more distal stimuli. Their subsequent behavior is then likely to be under the near-exclusive motivational influence of those "central" cues. This state of attentional narrowing is predicted to lead to disinhibited behavior when salient internal or situational cues serve to promote the behavior in question, and enhanced behavioral inhibition when those cues instead suggest restraint. The specific aims include 1) demonstrating the predictions of the attentional myopia model in studies of the self-regulation of smoking, anger, aggression, and other behaviors, 2) addressing two alternative explanations for phenomena explained by the model, 3) clarifying the specific cognitive processes through which attentional narrowing affects self-regulation, 4) examining whether attentional narrowing serves as the primary mediator between mental/physical fatigue and poor behavioral regulation , and 5) exploring the implications of the model for significant self-regulatory challenges. In a series of laboratory and field studies, cognitive load manipulations are crossed with manipulations of person and/or situational factors, and relevant behaviors are assessed. An enhanced understanding of the personal and situational sources of maladaptive selfregulation will contribute to the promotion of mental health and well-being among at-risk individuals.