The cultures political participation in UKIP. An Ethnographic exploration of English Nationalism in a coastal town in South East Essex

在脱欧后的英国社会中，英国极右翼团体的参与度正在上升，这项及时的研究将探讨英国独立党支持者的政治参与文化。实地考察将在埃塞克斯郡克拉克顿的沃尔顿-纳兹的一个白人为主的工人阶级沿海城镇进行。该项目有可能为英国政治和右翼政治引入新的人类学见解，并有助于英国及其他地区关于“英国性”、种族主义和“白人民族主义”的辩论。这个项目将进一步加深人类学家对英国社会、英国政治和民族主义的理解。人类学对人格、亲属关系、身份和民族主义之间的相互联系的研究由来已久（Wolf, 1982; Kapferer, 2001; Eriksen, 2002; Spencer, 2014）。从理论上讲，该项目从这项工作和当前关于右翼参与的辩论中发展而来，包括历史威权主义、宗教的力量、对民主的不满以及英国独立党对英国民族的包容性概念（Marshall, 2014; Martin and Smith, 2014; Mondon, 2015; Morelock, 2018, Raemdonck, 2020）。该项目还将借鉴当代个人自治理论（Glaskin, 2012; Cruz, 2019; Enke,2019），以及暴力的道德经济理论，该理论解释了通过历史条件社会背景使某些类型的暴力合法化的文化习俗（Taussig, 1987; Rabasa, 2000; Shoshan, 2016）。该项目旨在探索英国独立党支持者的政治参与文化，并利用这些数据建立一个分析基础，以重新评估有关右翼参与的现有理论，以及英格兰内外的身份和政治问题。为了了解英国独立党在该地区的支持率，我会问：为什么英国独立党政治在社会和地区的特定部门中受欢迎？要回答这个问题，需要掌握允许英格兰地方右翼政治发展的社会历史和经济条件。因此，首先有必要勾勒出使特定的、极端的、激进的和仇外的意识形态合法化（或拒绝）的思想格局。该项目将试图理解为什么人们会参与这样的政治活动，或者不顾法律，投票给那些以对“他人”持极端观点而闻名的政客。我将以克拉克顿的Walton-on-the-Naze镇为重点，探索当地的政治参与文化，并提出以下问题：它们与社会经济流动性、经济竞争和当地的赞助人-客户网络有何关系；阶级、贫穷和“白人特权”是如何进入这个等式的？人们开发了哪些概念和词汇来合法化（或拒绝）社会保守的种族主义政策和爱国主义？他们持有什么样的种族和血统的民间理论？谁是敌人，产生了什么样的神话？这种政治给人们的日常生活带来了什么样的希望？这将是一本在埃塞克斯郡克拉克顿的沃尔顿-纳兹收集的人种志。英国最极右翼的地区——2017年66%的人投票支持英国独立党，91%的人投票支持脱欧（选举演算，2017）。实地考察将进行12个月。我会参加议会，计划委员会和其他会议，还有他主持的手术。手术应该提供一个洞察人们的问题和抱怨，帮助了解风景，并提供一个机会与其他极端的权利影响联系起来。我将参与英国独立党在该地区的事务。由此，我可以参与其他生活领域的参与者，如家庭和娱乐，因为与自由主义不同，右翼支持者拒绝可分离的公共和私人自我的概念，将种族主义议程与主流生活相结合（Blee, 2002）。

As participation in U.K. far-right groups is rising in a post-Brexit U.K. society, this timely study will explore the cultures of political participation among UKIP supporters. Fieldwork will take place in the white-majority working-class coastal town of Walton-on-the-Naze, Clacton, Essex. This project has the potential to introduce new anthropological insight into British politics, and right-wing politics and contribute to debates about 'Englishness', racism, and 'white Nationalism' in the U.K. and beyond. This project will further anthropologists understanding of English society, British politics and Nationalism. Anthropology has a long-established study of the interlocked relations between personhood, kinship, identity and Nationalism (Wolf, 1982; Kapferer, 2001; Eriksen, 2002; Spencer, 2014). Theoretically, the project develops from this work and current debates about right-wing participation, including historical authoritarianism, the strength of religion, dissatisfaction with democracy and, UKIP's inclusive notion of a British nation (Marshall, 2014; Martin and Smith, 2014; Mondon, 2015; Morelock, 2018, Raemdonck, 2020). The project will also draw from contemporary theories of individual autonomy (Glaskin, 2012; Cruz, 2019; Enke,2019), and the moral economy of violence that explains the cultural conventions that legitimises some types of violence through historically conditional social contexts (Taussig, 1987; Rabasa, 2000; Shoshan, 2016). The project aims to explore cultures of political participation among UKIP supporters in the U.K. and use this data to develop an analytical basis to re-evaluate existing theories concerning right-wing participation, questions of identity and politics in England and beyond. In order to understand UKIP support in the region, I will ask: Why is UKIP politics popular among particular sectors of society and regions? Answering this question requires a grasp of the socio-historical and economic conditions that allow for the development of right-wing politics in provincial England. Therefore, it will first be necessary to map out the landscape of ideas that legitimise (or reject) particular, extreme radical and xenophobic ideology. The project will seek to understand why people participate in such politics or vote for politicians with reputations for wielding extreme views on 'others', despite the law. Focusing on the town of Walton-on-the-Naze, Clacton, I will explore local cultures of political participation and ask the following questions: How are they related to socio-economic mobility, economic competition, and local patron-client networks; and how do class, poverty and 'white privilege' enter the equation? What concepts and vocabularies are developed by people to legitimise (or reject) socially conservative racist policies and patriotism? What kind of folk theories of race and descent do they hold? Who are the enemies and what type of mythologies are produced? And what kinds of hopes do such politics bring to the everyday life of people? This will be an ethnography collected in Walton-on-the-Naze, Clacton, Essex. The most far-right area in the U.K. - 66% voted UKIP in 2017, and 91% voted to leave the E.U. (Electoral Calculus, 2017). Fieldwork will take place for 12 months. I will attend councils, planning committees, and other meetings, and the surgeries he holds. The surgeries should provide an insight into people's problems and complaints, help to understand landscapes and provides an opportunity to get connected with other extreme right influences. I will embed myself in UKIP practices of the area. From this, I can get involved with participants in other realms of life such as family and entertainment as, unlike liberalism, right supporters reject the notion of separable public and private selves, combining racist agendas with mainstream lives (Blee, 2002).