Experts for a Brave New City: The Politics of Expertise in the Production of Indonesia's New Capital City

美丽新城市的专家：印度尼西亚新首都生产中的专业政治

• 批准号: 2582697
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: King's College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2582697
• 关键词: Experts; Brave; New; City; Politics

The Government of Indonesia recently announced the relocation of the capital city from Jakarta to a massive rural site in the province of East Kalimantan. The socioecological problems in Jakarta such as floods and traffic jams underscore this decision and presented president Jokowi an opportunity to deliver on his promises of building critical infrastructure 'connecting' the country. However, it has been met with criticism; indigenous and environmental advocacy groups have expressed concerns with regard to the swift process of the decision and the massive urbanisation the project entails.As figures of authority whose knowledge are brought in to guide development processes, experts are already being recruited to work on the new capital city (NCC). However, 'non-elite' experts such as activists, and community and indigenous leaders who possess certain 'unconventional' knowledges are consistently being side-lined. The objective of this research is to explore how experts-and contestation surrounding what constitutes expertise-are shaping the production of Indonesia's new capital city. As planners, architects, and consultants are being invited to the project to work on its various aspects, 'non-elite' experts such as local community figures, activists, and indigenous leaders who possess 'unconventional' knowledges are consistently being side-lined. This project will investigate who counts as 'experts', how they negotiate with one another, and what kind of imaginaries of the city are being produced.Amidst concerns over disenfranchisement and environmental destruction, the NCC project provides a timely case study of Jokowi's 'new developmentalism' and the expertise that that involves. Focusing on infrastructure development, it is characterised by a mix-and-match of "orthodox and liberal economic strategy". This necessitates certain expertise that will allow Jokowi to undertake this brand of developmentalism. It has, however, left many issues of human rights and environmental justice unattended. The ideological backbone of Jokowi's policies, then, relies on the economic growth physical development will bring.Antonio Gramsci's work on intellectuals and hegemony is instructive for unpacking how globally mobile experts become articulated into political projects at more local scales. For him, intellectuals help make sense of the world for the groups they represent in order to change it. He posits that intellectuals are instrumental in establishing and maintaining legitimacy/hegemony, but organise around their own class interests, forming cross-class alliances or 'historic blocs'. Within urban developments, networks of expertise take up this role, but how do 'non-elite' experts fit into this? Policy mobility literature provides relevant vocabulary in how non-elite actors traverse urban politics through "prosaic engagements with one another and the state". Much can be gained from adopting a Gramscian perspective in analysing the NCC project, specifically in relation to processes of hegemonisation under Jokowi's infrastructure-centric 'new developmentalism'.This project will take a 'distended case approach', where researchers 'follow the policy' in multidirectional ways within "mutating policy networks". Additionally, 'friction' is a useful heuristic in understanding the messy and diverse processes of transnational policy mobility. What this means is an investigation of experts from various scales as well as class origins whose common denominator is their work in relation to the NCC and an exploration of how their labour shapes and are in turn shaped by different processes at different scales.The pandemic has pronounced the multiple injustices present in the country and emancipatory research that attends to certain segments of society such as non-elite intellectuals may contribute to broader counterhegemonic projects. The utilisation of Gramsci in this research project is crucial in understanding these new dynamics.

印度尼西亚政府最近宣布将首都从雅加达迁至东加里曼丹省的一个大片农村地区。雅加达的社会生态问题，如洪水和交通拥堵，突显了这一决定，并为总统佐科维提供了一个机会来兑现他的承诺，即建设关键的基础设施，将国家连接起来。然而，它也遭到了批评；土著和环境倡导团体对该项目的快速决定过程和所带来的大规模城市化表示了担忧。作为权威人物，他们的知识被引入来指导发展过程，专家们已经被招募到新首都(NCC)工作。然而，拥有某些“非传统”知识的“非精英”专家，如活动家、社区和土著领袖，一直被排挤在一边。这项研究的目的是探索专家--以及围绕什么是专业知识的争论--是如何塑造印尼新首都的生产的。随着规划师、建筑师和顾问被邀请参与该项目的各个方面的工作，当地社区人士、活动家和土著领袖等拥有非传统知识的“非精英”专家一直处于旁观者的行列。这个项目将调查谁被视为“专家”，他们如何相互协商，以及正在产生什么样的城市想象。在对权利被剥夺和环境破坏的担忧中，NCC项目为佐科维的“新发展主义”及其涉及的专业知识提供了一个及时的案例研究。它以基础设施发展为重点，以“正统和自由经济战略”的混合为特征。这需要某些专业知识，使佐科维能够从事这一品牌的发展。然而，它对人权和环境正义的许多问题置之不理。因此，佐科维政策的思想支柱依赖于物质发展将带来的经济增长。安东尼奥·格拉姆西关于知识分子和霸权的著作对揭示全球流动专家如何融入更局部规模的政治项目具有指导意义。对他来说，知识分子帮助他们所代表的群体理解世界，以改变世界。他认为，知识分子在建立和维护合法性/霸权方面发挥了重要作用，但他们围绕自己的阶级利益组织起来，形成跨阶级联盟或“历史集团”。在城市开发中，专业网络承担着这一角色，但“非精英”专家如何适应这一角色呢？政策流动性文献提供了相关词汇，说明非精英行为者如何通过“彼此之间和国家之间平淡无奇的接触”来穿越城市政治。采用葛兰西学派的观点来分析NCC项目，特别是与佐科维以基础设施为中心的“新发展主义”下的霸权化进程有关的项目，可以获得很多好处。该项目将采取“扩展案例方法”，即研究人员在“变化的政策网络”内以多方向的方式“遵循政策”。此外，在理解跨国政策流动的混乱和多样化过程中，“摩擦”是一个有用的启发式方法。这意味着对不同规模和阶级出身的专家进行调查，他们的共同点是他们与NCC有关的工作，并探索他们的劳动是如何形成的，以及他们的劳动是如何被不同规模的不同过程塑造的。大流行病暴露了这个国家存在的多重不公正，关注某些社会阶层(如非精英知识分子)的解放研究可能有助于更广泛的反霸权计划。在这个研究项目中使用Gramsci对于理解这些新的动态是至关重要的。