Defining the Built Environment

定义建筑环境

• 批准号: 7001898
• 负责人: NATALIE COLABIANCHI
• 金额: $ 4.72万
• 依托单位: CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-15 至 2006-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7001898
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; body physical activity; clinical research; eating; gender difference; health behavior; housing; human subject; interview; obesity; personal log /diary; public assistance; travel

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) Obesity prevalence has doubled among adolescents over the past 20 years. In particular, the number of overweight minority adolescents has increased to over 30%. While several studies show an association between attributes of the built environment with eating behaviors, physical activity, and obesity in adults, adolescents are a little studied group. Little is known about the nature and pattern of adolescents' interaction with the non-school built environment. Few researchers have examined how residents define neighborhood boundaries and what factors contribute to those definitions. Most built environment research relies on prescribed geographic boundaries such as census tracts, though many researchers have noted that these boundaries are unlikely to match an individual's perception of his/her neighborhood. A definition of neighborhood boundaries that matches resident perceptions and accurate descriptions of neighborhood resource use patterns could assist with identifying the environmental factors that contribute to the development of obesity and ultimately lead to more targeted environmental interventions to decrease the prevalence of obesity. Many studies of the built environment and obesity have concentrated on urban areas, but few have examined adolescent residents of subsidized housing complexes, though these residents often experience poor health outcomes. Ecological models of health outcomes have not guided public housing policymakers' decision-making about estate construction and placement. There are important and practical policy implications if research can demonstrate that estate location and design affect obesity prevalence. The proposed study will employ a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the effects of the self-defined built environment on the consumption and physical activity behaviors of 140 adolescent residents of public housing estates by 1) examining the feasibility of obtaining adolescents' self-defined neighborhood boundaries using a mapping exercise; 2) testing the practicality of having adolescents complete travel diaries; 3) eliciting factors that are important to adolescents in determining facility utilization, travel route preference and neighborhood boundaries; and, 4) exploring attributes of public housing estates that may influence physical activity levels and eating behaviors of adolescent public housing residents.

描述（由申请人提供） 在过去20年中，青少年中的肥胖症发病率翻了一番。特别是，超重的少数民族青少年人数增加到30%以上。 虽然有几项研究表明，建筑环境的属性与成年人的饮食行为，体育活动和肥胖之间存在关联，但青少年是一个很少研究的群体。 关于青少年与非学校建筑环境互动的性质和模式知之甚少。 很少有研究人员研究过居民如何定义社区边界，以及哪些因素影响了这些定义。 大多数建筑环境研究依赖于规定的地理边界，如人口普查区，尽管许多研究人员指出，这些边界不太可能匹配个人对他/她的邻居的看法。 与居民感知相匹配的社区边界的定义和对社区资源使用模式的准确描述可以帮助识别有助于肥胖发展的环境因素，并最终导致更有针对性的环境干预措施，以降低肥胖的患病率。 许多关于建筑环境和肥胖的研究都集中在城市地区，但很少有人研究补贴住房综合体的青少年居民，尽管这些居民的健康状况往往很差。 健康结果的生态模型并没有指导公共住房决策者关于房地产建设和安置的决策。 如果研究能够证明屋苑的位置和设计会影响肥胖症的流行，则会产生重要和实际的政策影响。 建议的研究将采用定量和定性相结合的方法，探讨自定义建筑环境对140名公共屋�青少年居民的消费和体育活动行为的影响，包括：1）研究通过制图练习获得青少年自定义社区边界的可行性; 2）测试让青少年填写旅行日记的可行性;（3）找出影响青少年使用公共设施、选择交通路线及邻里界线的重要因素;及（4）探讨公共屋？的特质对青少年体育活动及饮食行为的影响。