Reappraising Delivery: Form, Function, and Justification

重新评估交付：形式、功能和理由

• 批准号: 2586727
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2586727
• 关键词: Reappraising; Delivery; Form; Function; Justification

I. Research TopicThe proposed research will aim to work out, understand, and better conceptualise the mechanics of transfers of legal title to chattels by delivery.II. Research Context:Since the end of the 15th century, the common law has recognised three modes of transferring legal title to tangible chattels: sale, deed, and delivery. Of these, delivery is the oldest. However, its form, the mechanisms by which it operates (both legally and physically), and its justification remain understudied. The extent of the uncertainty that exists in this area is best demonstrated through an example. Say A wishes to gift B a ring that has for long been owned by A's family. Whenever the ring was transferred, the recipient also received a letter. A and their family have come to associate this letter with the ring itself. A gives to B only the letter and tells B that the ring is now theirs, the ring being held in a manor far away. As a matter of positive law, it is unclear whether A's acts are sufficient to transfer A's title to B, and, if sufficient, how this transfer ought to be conceptualised. If the butler of the manor were to write to B separately, informing B that they now hold the ring on B's behalf, this would likely be sufficient to transfer A's title to B. However, it remains unclear why writing from a third party might be sufficient, whereas mere words or writing from A will normally be insufficient. The above example serves to illustrate that much of the law concerning delivery remains obscure. One notable contribution has been driven to find that the need for delivery to transfer legal title cannot be justified and is a mere remnant of earlier law. However, this conclusion cannot be so plainly accepted. The conclusion is unsatisfactory in light of the increasingly important role delivery is playing in our law and given the rich continental scholarship on the substantially similar concept of traditio which was unaddressed by that contribution. This project is an attempt to provide a coherent rationale for delivery in English law.This project seeks to make three valuable contributions to personal property scholarship. First, the project will be a valuable contribution in its holistic account of the positive law on delivery. Secondly, as delivery interacts with a number of fundamental concepts in property law, such as possession and attornment, the project will provide a valuable account of how these concepts function in the conveyance setting. Finally, insofar as there are calls for new regimes for the transfer of title to chattels, an analysis of the various issues involved with delivery, and its best justification, will be helpful in drafting alternative legislation to the Sale of Goods regime. III. Research Methods:The proposed research is wholly doctrinal. It aims to develop an accurate and conceptually satisfactory account for the operation of delivery as a means of conveying legal title to chattels. In doing so, this research will require substantial comparative scholarship. Roman and continental systems have a closely analogous concept, known as traditio. A careful study of Roman, early modern civilian, and modern German and French scholarship will help identify important questions that an account on the English concept of delivery must address. For example, a civilian lens may help assess what degree of control (e.g. detention or possession) must be transferred for an effective delivery). The research will also require some degree of historical analysis of the law and the relevant legal decisions. In particular, the influence of civilian systems and scholarship on the English legal profession during the 17th and 18th centuries will be particularly important in understanding the reason for changes in the law governing delivery.

I.研究主题拟议的研究将旨在制定、理解和更好地概念化通过交付转移动产的法律的所有权的机制。II.研究背景：自15世纪末以来，普通法认可了三种转移有形动产法律的所有权的模式：销售、契约和交付。其中，分娩是最古老的。然而，其形式、运作机制（法律上和实际上）及其理由仍然没有得到充分研究。这一领域存在的不确定性程度最好通过一个例子来说明。假设A想送给B一枚戒指，这枚戒指一直属于A的家族。每当戒指被转移时，收件人也会收到一封信。A和他们的家人已经把这封信和戒指本身联系起来。A只把信给了B，并告诉B，戒指现在是他们的了，戒指被保存在一个遥远的庄园里。就实在法而言，不清楚A的行为是否足以将A的所有权转让给B，如果是充分的，这种转让应如何概念化。如果庄园的管家单独写信给B，通知B他们现在代表B持有戒指，这很可能足以将A的头衔转移给B。然而，仍然不清楚为什么第三方的书面材料可能就足够了，而仅仅是A的文字或书面材料通常是不够的。上述例子说明，关于交付的法律仍有许多模糊不清的地方。一个值得注意的贡献是，有人认为，需要交付才能转移法律的所有权是没有道理的，这仅仅是早先法律的残余。然而，这一结论不能如此简单地接受。鉴于交付在我国法律中发挥着日益重要的作用，并鉴于大陆学者对基本上类似的传统概念的丰富研究，该结论是不能令人满意的。本研究试图为英国法律中的交付提供一个连贯的理论基础，并试图为个人财产研究做出三个有价值的贡献。首先，该项目将对全面阐述关于交付的实在法作出宝贵贡献。第二，由于交付与财产法中的一些基本概念相互作用，如占有和转让，本项目将对这些概念如何在转让环境中发挥作用提供有价值的说明。最后，鉴于有人呼吁建立动产所有权转让的新制度，对交付所涉及的各种问题及其最佳理由进行分析，将有助于起草货物销售制度的替代立法。三.研究方法：所提出的研究是完全理论。其目的是为交付作为一种传递动产法律的所有权的手段的运作发展一种准确的和概念上令人满意的解释。这样做，这项研究将需要大量的比较奖学金。罗马和大陆法系有一个非常相似的概念，称为传统。仔细研究罗马，早期现代平民，现代德国和法国的学术将有助于确定重要的问题，对英国的交付概念的帐户必须解决。例如，民用透镜可能有助于评估必须转移多大程度的控制（例如拘留或占有）才能有效交付。这项研究还需要对法律和有关的法律的决定进行某种程度的历史分析。特别是，在17和18世纪期间，平民制度和学术对英国法律的职业的影响对于理解管辖交付的法律变化的原因尤为重要。