Collaborative Everyday Problem Solving: Gain or Loss?

协作解决日常问题：得还是失？

• 批准号: 6875283
• 负责人: JONELL STROUGH
• 金额: $ 6.57万
• 依托单位: WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-01-01 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6875283
• 关键词: age difference; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; dyadic interaction; human old age (65+); human subject; interpersonal relations; interview; motivation; performance; problem solving; psychological aspect of aging; psychosocial separation; questionnaires; social group process; social psychology; young adult human (21-34)

The proposed project seeks to understand healthy aging processes through an investigation of cognition in context. In accord with the mission statement of the Behavioral and Social Research (BSR) program of the NIA, the long-term objective of the proposed research is to identify how social contexts shape cognitive development. Of specific interest is how individuals draw from their own abilities and interpersonal relationships to solve problems of daily life and age successfully. The objective of this project, which is one step toward understanding how social contexts shape cognition, is to compare the consequences of working alone versus collaborating with a familiar social partner for younger and older adults' solutions to interpersonal and instrumental everyday problems. Thus, the project addresses cognition in the context of social relationships in daily life. Specifically, the aims of the proposed research are to: (a) compare the performance of younger and older adults who interact with a partner or work alone to solve instrumental and interpersonal everyday problems, and (b) determine how interpersonal, cognitive, and motivational processes that occur during collaborative interactions facilitate or hinder problem-solving performance in early and later adulthood. The central hypothesis of the research is that younger and older adults' problem-solving performance (as indexed by the quality and quantity of their strategies for solving ill-defined instrumental and interpersonal problems) will vary systematically as a function of working with a partner versus working alone, the instrumental or interpersonal domain of the problem, partners' cognitive abilities and motivation for working together, and the perceived quality of face-to-face social interaction. This central hypothesis is tested systematically and comprehensively in order to provide concrete knowledge of the gains and losses that may accrue when younger and older adults collaborate with others to solve everyday problems. Without this knowledge, associations between social relationships and cognitive performance in later life will remain underdeveloped. By providing this knowledge, the proposed research will facilitate the development of empirically-supported interventions to improve individuals' skills for solving everyday problems and make significant theoretical and empirical contributions to the research literature.

拟议的项目旨在通过调查背景下的认知来了解健康的衰老过程。在雅阁的行为和社会研究（BSR）计划的NIA的使命声明，拟议的研究的长期目标是确定社会环境如何塑造认知发展。特别感兴趣的是个人如何利用自己的能力和人际关系来成功地解决日常生活和年龄问题。这个项目的目标是了解社会环境如何塑造认知的一步，是比较单独工作与与熟悉的社会伙伴合作对年轻人和老年人解决人际关系和工具性日常问题的影响。因此，该项目在日常生活中的社会关系的背景下解决认知问题。具体而言，拟议的研究的目的是：（a）比较年轻人和老年人的表现，他们与合作伙伴互动或单独工作，以解决工具和人际关系的日常问题，（B）确定如何人际，认知和动机过程中发生的协作互动促进或阻碍解决问题的表现在成年早期和后期。这项研究的中心假设是，年轻人和老年人解决问题的表现（以解决定义不清的工具性和人际关系问题的策略的质量和数量为指标）将系统地变化，这是与合作伙伴一起工作与单独工作、问题的工具性或人际关系领域、合作伙伴的认知能力和合作动机的函数，以及面对面社交互动的感知质量。这一核心假设得到了系统和全面的检验，以便提供具体的知识，了解年轻人和老年人与他人合作解决日常问题时可能产生的收益和损失。如果没有这些知识，社会关系和认知表现之间的联系在以后的生活中将仍然不发达。通过提供这方面的知识，拟议的研究将促进发展的医疗支持的干预措施，以提高个人的技能，解决日常问题，并作出重大的理论和实证贡献的研究文献。