Female voices and feminist translation in German and Austrian literature, 1924-1996

德国和奥地利文学中的女性声音和女权主义翻译，1924-1996

• 批准号: 2590977
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2590977
• 关键词: Female; voices; feminist; translation; German

My research, a theoretical translation project, will examine twentieth-century novels written in German, with female first-person narrators. I will be particularly interested in works whose authors claim to have had difficulties in creating space for women's voices and experiences. My corpus of source texts will provisionally span the period 1924-1996: Arthur Schnitzler's Fräulein Else (1924), Irmgard Keun's Gilgi (1931) and Das kunstseidene Mädchen (1932), Marlen Haushofer's Die Wand (1963); Ingeborg Bachmann's Malina (1971); and Marlene Streeruwitz's Verfuhrungen (1996). Close readings of these texts will allow me to form an image of approaches to creating a specifically female voice across the century, and against shifting feminist contexts. I will examine linguistic patterns throughout the works, and the utilisation of certain narrative techniques or formal experimentation as attempts (or failures) to create a female voice, especially in light of the authors' lamentations that language is too male-oriented to allow for this.I will examine existing English translations of these texts, bearing in mind three broad questions: have the authors' attempts to carve out a female linguistic niche been accurately captured by English translators? Do male and female translators render female voices differently, making use of feminist translation techniques such as hijacking or prefacing? Might different cultural histories across the UK and German-speaking countries impact translators' understanding of female voices and, therefore, their translation choices? I will demonstrate the need for a renewed focus on feminist translation theory, as a theory which is uniquely equipped to address the original authors' attempts to voice female characters.Feminist translation is usually defined as the translation of feminist texts, though it is often used interchangeably with the broader term 'gender-sensitive translation'. That the existing definitions are rather unclear is a sign of the neglect that feminist translation has met with; it has received little attention as a credible, comprehensive translation approach. Recent attempts to revise this neglect are commendable however, as feminist translation has developed most rapidly in Quebec, it has seldom been discussed with specific reference to German-English translations. Indeed, a recent, comprehensive handbook of feminism and gender-sensitivity in translation (von Flotow and Kamal eds., 2020) analyses work from 20 countries, yet overlooks German-speaking countries. In addressing this oversight in my research, I will make an original contribution to the field of translation studies; laying a foundation for future research into feminist translation, and possibly for this becoming a comprehensive translation theory comparable to the frequently-taught skopos and equivalence theories.My research is placed in an active field, namely, in the context of twenty-first century awareness of gendered language, and linguistic change to account for new expressions of gender identity. Instances of such change include individuals' adoption of non-standard pronouns such as ze and zir in the last decade; as well as recent high-profile eliminations of gendered language in healthcare, education, and politics. Instances from 2021 alone include childbirth charities and NHS trusts issuing guidance to use gender-neutral terms such as "chestfeeding", "perinatal", and "birthing parent" instead of "breastfeeding", "maternity", and "mother"; St Paul's Girls' School abolishing the label "head girl"; and the United States House of Representatives eliminating gendered terms such as "mother" and "daughter" in favour of "parent" and "child" in all House documents. The elimination of terms specific to women lends modern relevance to my research into the creation and re-creation of uniquely female voices: how should womanhood today be discussed, read, and translated?

我的研究是一个理论翻译项目，将与女性第一人称叙述者一起研究二十世纪的小说。我将对作品特别感兴趣，他们的作者声称难以为女性的声音和经验创造空间。我的源文本语料库将始终跨越1924 - 1996年：Arthur Schnitzler'sFräuleinElse（1924），Irmgard Keun的Gilgi（1931）和Das KunstseideneMädchen（1932），Marlen Haushofer的Die Wand（1963）；英格堡·巴赫曼（Ingeborg Bachmann）的玛丽娜（Malina）（1971）；和Marlene Streeruwitz的Verfuhrungen（1996）。对这些文本的仔细阅读将使我能够形成一种在整个世纪创造特殊女性声音的方法，并反对改变女权主义的背景。我将在整个作品中研究语言模式，以及某些叙事技术或正式实验作为创建女性声音的尝试（或失败）的尝试，尤其是鉴于作者的语言，即以男性为导向的语言允许这种情况。男性和女性翻译人员是否以女性主义翻译技术（例如劫持或预审判）来使女性声音不同？英国和讲德语国家的不同文化历史是否会影响翻译人员对女性声音的理解，因此会影响他们的翻译选择吗？我将证明需要重新关注女权主义翻译理论，这是一种与原始作者表达女性角色的尝试相同的理论。Fiminist的翻译通常被定义为女权主义文本的翻译，尽管它通常与更广泛的性别敏感性翻译相互交换。现有的定义还不清楚，这表明女权主义者翻译遇到了忽视；作为一种可靠的全面翻译方法，它几乎没有受到关注。然而，最近对忽视这种忽视的尝试值得称赞，因为女权主义的翻译在魁北克迅速发展，很少有人对德国英语翻译进行具体讨论。的确，一本关于翻译中女权主义和性别敏感性的全面手册（von flotow and Kamal eds。，2020年）分析了来自20个国家 /地区的作品，但忽略了讲德语的国家。在解决我的研究中的这一监督时，我将对翻译研究领域做出原始贡献。为未来的女权主义翻译奠定了基础，这成为一种与经常教授的Skopos和等效理论相媲美的全面翻译理论。我的研究被放置在一个活跃的领域，即，在二十一世纪的性别性别语言的认识以及语言上的变化中，以说明性别语言的新表达方式。这种变化的实例包括个人在过去十年中采用非标准代词，例如ZE和ZIR；以及最近在医疗保健，教育和政治方面对性别语言的高调消除。仅2021年的实例就包括儿童外生慈善机构和NHS Trusts发出指南，以使用性别中性术语，例如“胸部喂养”，“ perinatal”和“分娩父母”，而不是“母乳喂养”，“产妇”和“母亲”；圣保罗女子学校废除了标签“ head Girl”；美国众议院在所有众议院文件中都取消了性别术语，例如“母亲”和“女儿”，支持“父母”和“孩子”。消除特定于女性的术语对我对创造和重新创造女性声音的创造和重新创造的研究具有现代意义：今天应该如何讨论，阅读和翻译女性？