Female voices and feminist translation in German and Austrian literature, 1924-1996

德国和奥地利文学中的女性声音和女权主义翻译，1924-1996

• 批准号: 2590977
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2590977
• 关键词: Female; voices; feminist; translation; German

My research, a theoretical translation project, will examine twentieth-century novels written in German, with female first-person narrators. I will be particularly interested in works whose authors claim to have had difficulties in creating space for women's voices and experiences. My corpus of source texts will provisionally span the period 1924-1996: Arthur Schnitzler's Fräulein Else (1924), Irmgard Keun's Gilgi (1931) and Das kunstseidene Mädchen (1932), Marlen Haushofer's Die Wand (1963); Ingeborg Bachmann's Malina (1971); and Marlene Streeruwitz's Verfuhrungen (1996). Close readings of these texts will allow me to form an image of approaches to creating a specifically female voice across the century, and against shifting feminist contexts. I will examine linguistic patterns throughout the works, and the utilisation of certain narrative techniques or formal experimentation as attempts (or failures) to create a female voice, especially in light of the authors' lamentations that language is too male-oriented to allow for this.I will examine existing English translations of these texts, bearing in mind three broad questions: have the authors' attempts to carve out a female linguistic niche been accurately captured by English translators? Do male and female translators render female voices differently, making use of feminist translation techniques such as hijacking or prefacing? Might different cultural histories across the UK and German-speaking countries impact translators' understanding of female voices and, therefore, their translation choices? I will demonstrate the need for a renewed focus on feminist translation theory, as a theory which is uniquely equipped to address the original authors' attempts to voice female characters.Feminist translation is usually defined as the translation of feminist texts, though it is often used interchangeably with the broader term 'gender-sensitive translation'. That the existing definitions are rather unclear is a sign of the neglect that feminist translation has met with; it has received little attention as a credible, comprehensive translation approach. Recent attempts to revise this neglect are commendable however, as feminist translation has developed most rapidly in Quebec, it has seldom been discussed with specific reference to German-English translations. Indeed, a recent, comprehensive handbook of feminism and gender-sensitivity in translation (von Flotow and Kamal eds., 2020) analyses work from 20 countries, yet overlooks German-speaking countries. In addressing this oversight in my research, I will make an original contribution to the field of translation studies; laying a foundation for future research into feminist translation, and possibly for this becoming a comprehensive translation theory comparable to the frequently-taught skopos and equivalence theories.My research is placed in an active field, namely, in the context of twenty-first century awareness of gendered language, and linguistic change to account for new expressions of gender identity. Instances of such change include individuals' adoption of non-standard pronouns such as ze and zir in the last decade; as well as recent high-profile eliminations of gendered language in healthcare, education, and politics. Instances from 2021 alone include childbirth charities and NHS trusts issuing guidance to use gender-neutral terms such as "chestfeeding", "perinatal", and "birthing parent" instead of "breastfeeding", "maternity", and "mother"; St Paul's Girls' School abolishing the label "head girl"; and the United States House of Representatives eliminating gendered terms such as "mother" and "daughter" in favour of "parent" and "child" in all House documents. The elimination of terms specific to women lends modern relevance to my research into the creation and re-creation of uniquely female voices: how should womanhood today be discussed, read, and translated?

我的研究是一个理论翻译项目，将研究20世纪用德语写的小说，女性第一人称叙述者。我将特别感兴趣的作品，其作者声称有困难，在创造空间的妇女的声音和经验。我的原始文本语料库将暂时涵盖1924年至1996年这一时期：亚瑟·施尼茨勒的《埃尔塞小姐》（1924年）、伊尔姆加德·基恩的《吉尔吉》（1931年）和《母亲的艺术》（1932年）、马伦·豪斯霍费尔的《魔杖》（1963年）、英格博格·巴赫曼的《玛丽娜》（1971年）和玛琳·施特莱鲁维茨的《最后一根》（1996年）。仔细阅读这些文本将使我形成一个图像的方法，以创造一个特定的女性声音跨越世纪，并反对不断变化的女权主义背景。我将研究贯穿作品的语言模式，以及某些叙事技巧或形式实验的运用，（或失败）创造一个女性的声音，特别是鉴于作者的哀叹，语言是太男性为导向，允许这一点。我将审查现有的英文翻译这些文本，牢记三个广泛的问题：作者试图开拓女性语言利基的努力是否被英文译者准确地捕捉到了？男性译者和女性译者在翻译女性声音时是否使用了女性主义翻译技巧，如劫持或序言？英国和德语国家不同的文化历史是否会影响译者对女性声音的理解，从而影响他们的翻译选择？我将论证重新关注女性主义翻译理论的必要性，因为女性主义翻译理论是一种独特的理论，能够解决原作者试图表达女性角色的问题。女性主义翻译通常被定义为女性主义文本的翻译，尽管它经常与更广泛的术语“性别敏感的翻译”互换使用。现有的定义相当不明确，这表明女性主义翻译受到了忽视;它作为一种可信的、全面的翻译方法很少受到关注。然而，最近试图纠正这种忽视是值得称赞的，因为女性主义翻译在魁北克发展最快，很少有专门讨论德英翻译。事实上，最近一本关于翻译中的女权主义和性别敏感性的综合手册（von Flotow和Kamal编辑，2020）分析了来自20个国家的工作，但忽略了德语国家。在我的研究中，我将弥补这一疏忽，为翻译研究领域做出原创性的贡献;为女性主义翻译的未来研究奠定了基础，并可能使其成为一种与经常教授的目的论和对等理论相媲美的综合性翻译理论。我的研究被置于一个活跃的领域，即在二十一世纪世纪性别语言意识的背景下，以及语言的变化来解释性别认同的新表达。这些变化包括个人在过去十年中采用非标准代词，如ze和zir;以及最近在医疗保健，教育和政治中高调消除性别语言。仅从2021年开始，就有分娩慈善机构和NHS信托基金发布指导，使用性别中立的术语，如“母乳喂养”，“围产期”和“分娩父母”，而不是“母乳喂养”，“产妇”和“母亲”;圣保罗女子学校废除了“头女孩”的标签;美国众议院在所有众议院文件中删除了“母亲”和“女儿”等带有性别色彩的词语，代之以“父母”和“子女”。消除专门针对女性的术语为我的研究提供了现代意义，即创造和再创造独特的女性声音：今天的女性应该如何被讨论，阅读和翻译？