Understanding Mental Health in Neurodevelopmental Conditions: A Hidden Talents Approach

了解神经发育状况下的心理健康：隐藏人才的方法

• 批准号: 2592397
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Bath
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2592397
• 关键词: Understanding; Mental; Health; Neurodevelopmental; Conditions

Neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) such as Autism, ADHD and Developmental Coordination Disorder are lifelong conditions which affect around 10% of the population (Emerging Minds, 2021). They have high co-occurrence with various mental health difficulties (Emerging Minds 2021).Autism alone is more costly than cancer, stroke, and heart disease, combined (Buescher et al., JAMA), yet there is little research spending on NDCs relative to other conditions (for example £6.60 per autistic adult vs £295 per cancer patient (Autistica, 2014)). Such underfunding, including PhD training, has left two particular gaps in understanding NDCs, which will be addressed in this project.First, research on NDCs is overly focussed on single conditions even though neurodevelopmental traits are overlapping and continuously distributed in the population (Thapar et al., Lancet Psychiatry). Research suggests that it is more common for individuals with NDCs to have more than one condition rather than a 'pure' disorder (Rutter, 2008). Consequently there are calls for researchers to develop transdiagnostic approaches when researching NDCs rather than focusing on discrete categories (Astle et al., 2021; Emerging Minds, 2021).Second, it is assumed that NDC related symptoms and adversities (e.g., bullying) are predictive of poor cognition and mental health. However, previous research has neglected to consider how adaptive developmental processes sometimes enhance cognition and thereby could reduce mental illness. This has recently been formalised as the 'hidden talents' approach (Frankenhuis et al., 2020, TiCS). Drawing on population-based data and the cognitively grounded hidden talents approach, this cross-disciplinary project will identify hidden talents in NDCs and thereby inform understanding of and interventions for improving mental health in NDCs.Study 1-An online qualitative survey study to investigate the lived experience of adolescents and adults with NDCs focusing on their talents and coping. Themes and findings will inform variable selection and modelling in Studies 2-4. Studies 2-4-Three studies drawing on genetic, neuroimaging, and cognitive data in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development cohort; abcdstudy.org. This is the largest population-based study of neurocognition and health in the US (N~12K), with several measures of overlapping NDCs and mental health. Analyses will focus on uncovering hidden talents, i.e., neural and cognitive markers positively associated with NDCs and related adversities. We will then test if these hidden talents moderate the association between NDCs, related adversities, and later mental health outcomes, using genetically sensitive longitudinal analyses. In identifying hidden talents in NDCs, the findings will be able to inform understanding of and interventions for improving mental health in neurodevelopmental conditions. Most research on NDCs focuses on single conditions, and so this project will provide insight into overlaps between conditions. The results will be presented to clinicians and charity partners, thereby increasing the potential for the findings to inform clinical practice and national policy. This research is relevant to the GW4 BioMed MRC strategic research theme of 'population health'.

神经发育状况（NDC），如自闭症，ADHD和发育协调障碍是影响约10%人口的终身疾病（新兴思想，2021）。他们与各种心理健康问题有很高的共同发生率（新兴思想2021）。孤独症单独比癌症，中风和心脏病的成本更高（Buescher等人，JAMA），然而，相对于其他疾病，NDC的研究支出很少（例如，每位自闭症成人6.60英镑，每位癌症患者295英镑（Autistica，2014））。这种资金不足，包括博士培训，在理解NDC方面留下了两个特别的空白，这将在本项目中得到解决。首先，对NDC的研究过于集中于单一条件，即使神经发育特征在人群中重叠并连续分布（Thapar等人，Lancet Psychiatry）。研究表明，NDC患者更常见的是患有多种疾病，而不是“纯粹”的疾病（Rutter，2008）。因此，人们呼吁研究人员在研究NDC时开发跨诊断方法，而不是专注于离散类别（Astle等人，第二，假设NDC相关的症状和逆境（例如，欺凌）是认知和心理健康不良的预测。然而，以前的研究忽略了考虑适应性发展过程有时如何增强认知，从而减少精神疾病。这最近被正式定义为“隐藏人才”方法（Frankenhuis等人，2020，TiCS）。这个跨学科的项目将利用基于人口的数据和认知基础的隐藏人才方法，识别NDC中的隐藏人才，从而为NDC中改善心理健康的理解和干预提供信息。研究1-一项在线定性调查研究，调查青少年和成人NDC的生活经历，重点关注他们的才能和应对方式。主题和研究结果将为研究2-4中的变量选择和建模提供信息。研究2-4-三项研究利用青少年大脑认知发展队列中的遗传、神经成像和认知数据; abcdstudy.org。这是美国最大的基于人群的神经认知和健康研究（N~ 12 K），有几项重叠的NDC和心理健康指标。分析将集中在发现隐藏的人才，即，神经和认知标记与NDC和相关逆境正相关。然后，我们将使用遗传敏感性纵向分析来测试这些隐藏的天赋是否会调节NDC，相关逆境和后来的心理健康结果之间的关联。在识别NDC中隐藏的人才时，研究结果将能够为理解和干预提供信息，以改善神经发育条件下的心理健康。大多数关于NDC的研究都集中在单一条件上，因此本项目将深入了解条件之间的重叠。研究结果将提交给临床医生和慈善合作伙伴，从而增加研究结果为临床实践和国家政策提供信息的可能性。这项研究与GW 4 BioMed MRC战略研究主题“人口健康”有关。