Amnesty, Archives, Activism: Photojournalism and the Development of Human Rights Media Campaigns in Britain Since 1960s

大赦、档案、行动主义：新闻摄影与 20 世纪 60 年代以来英国人权媒体运动的发展

• 批准号: 2592945
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2592945
• 关键词: Amnesty; Archives; Activism; Photojournalism; Development

Until recently, the inquiry into the history of human rights advocacy is still relatively new (Moyn 2014, p:1). However, historians had begun investigating beyond the 1940s and 1970s when international human rights ideals gained prominence (ibid). Amnesty was credited for introducing a new kind of activism based on political information and crafting effective pressure techniques. In a short period of time, Amnesty amassed a large number of members assembling in local districts. 'The political morality Amnesty displayed attracted huge numbers of followers. While rooted in social movements experiences, this political morality appealed so strongly to many activists because it resonated with their desire to forge a new, postrevolutionary form of civil activism' (Eckel 2013, p:192).Who is the brain behind of Amnesty International?Peter Benenson, the founder of Amnesty International on Sunday, 28 May 1961, published a full-page article on Observer's weekend review titled: 'The Forgotten Prisoners'. This was the marking and formal launch of the 'Appeal for Amnesty, 1961'. The article circulated so much worldwide that it awakened the power of the public. Local groups with the same interests for fighting for "prisoners of conscience" began gathering. In September 1962, an international conference was held in Belgium, and Amnesty International was adopted. This was dubbed the of the largest and most successful "voluntary campaigning organisations of the post-war" (Buchanan 2002, p:577).This proposal seeks to examine Amnesty International Campaigns' role during the British anti-colonialization era in the 1960s. Probing the use of photojournalism in amplifying its campaign when images were mostly black and white. Further exploring how the framing of these campaigns has influenced today's contemporary humanitarian communicationand marketing.

直到最近，对人权倡导历史的调查仍然相对较新（Moyn 2014，p：1）。然而，历史学家在1940年代和1970年代之后开始调查，当时国际人权理想获得了突出地位（同上）。大赦国际因引入了一种基于政治信息的新型行动主义和制定有效的压力技术而受到赞誉。在很短的时间内，大赦国际聚集了大量的成员聚集在当地地区。大赦国际所表现出的政治道德吸引了大量的追随者。虽然这种政治道德植根于社会运动的经验中，但它对许多活动家有着强烈的吸引力，因为它与他们希望打造一种新的、革命后的公民行动主义形式的愿望产生了共鸣“（Eckel 2013，p：192）。1961年5月28日星期日，国际特赦组织的创始人彼得·贝嫩森在《观察家报》的周末评论上发表了一篇整版文章，题为《被遗忘的囚犯》。这是“1961年大赦呼吁”的标志和正式启动。这篇文章在全世界广为流传，唤醒了公众的力量。与争取“良心犯”利益相同的地方团体开始聚集。1962年9月，在比利时举行国际会议，通过了国际特赦组织。这被称为最大和最成功的“战后志愿运动组织”（布坎南2002年，第577页）。这一建议旨在审查大赦国际运动在20世纪60年代英国反殖民时代的作用。当图像主要是黑色和白色时，探索新闻摄影在扩大其活动中的用途。进一步探讨这些运动的框架如何影响今天的当代人道主义传播和营销。