Identifying mechanisms for stem cell division plane orientation in plants

识别植物干细胞分裂面方向的机制

• 批准号: 2594262
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2594262
• 关键词: Identifying; mechanisms; stem; cell; division

Plant shape is a primary determinant of plant productivity and yield, affecting light interception and photosynthesis. As plant cells are bound by a cell wall and cannot move, shape arises as an outcome of the plane new divisions in stem cells at the shoot tips, cell fate determination and subsequent cell growth. Flowering plant models such as Arabidopsis have complex tissue organizations that can mask cell division plane defects. There are many genes per gene family, which can make it hard to identify mutants. For these reasons, few genetic regulators of stem cell division plane orientation have been discovered. In contrast to flowering plants, mosses have simple tissue organizations with a single stem cell at each growing point, and there are few genes per gene family. My lab has determined that the CLAVATA receptor-like kinase sets the plane of moss stem cell divisions [1, 2]. Although mosses are distantly related to flowering plants, our findings were transferable to Arabidopsis, and we are building a pipeline for knowledge transfer to improve yield by manipulating CLAVATA function in wheat [3]. This project feeds in at the fundamental end of the pipeline, aiming to harness the advantages of the moss model to reveal downstream effectors of CLAVATA function that determine the plane of stem cell divisions at plants' growing points. To this end the project will: 5. Identify downstream targets of CLAVATA by RNAseq and bioinformatic analysis 6. Generate mutants of a candidate target and analyse mutant phenotypes 7. Analyse gene regulatory network architecture using computational approaches 8. Identify novel cell division plane regulators using a suppressor screen. By combining computational and wet lab approaches, the project will provide training at the cutting edge of the plant development field. It will benefit from further formal teaching and internships included in the SWBioDTP programme. The skills and techniques the student will learn will be broadly applicable in the academic biology and biotech sectors and widely transferable amongst areas such as science policy, publishing and computing. [1] Harrison et al. 2009. Local cues and asymmetric cell divisions underpin body plan transitions in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Current Biology 19: 1-11. [2] Whitewoods et al. 2018. CLAVATA was a genetic novelty for the morphological innovation of 3D growth in land plants. Current Biology 28: 2365-2376. [3] Fletcher 2018. The CLV-WUS stem cell signaling pathway: a roadmap to crop yield optimization. Plants 7: 87.

植物形态是植物生产力和产量的主要决定因素，影响光截获和光合作用。由于植物细胞被细胞壁束缚并且不能移动，因此形状作为茎尖处干细胞中的平面新分裂、细胞命运决定和随后的细胞生长的结果而出现。开花植物模型如拟南芥具有复杂的组织结构，可以掩盖细胞分裂平面缺陷。每个基因家族有许多基因，这使得很难识别突变体。由于这些原因，很少发现干细胞分裂平面方向的遗传调节因子。与开花植物不同，苔藓植物的组织结构简单，每个生长点只有一个干细胞，每个基因家族的基因很少。我的实验室已经确定CLAVATA受体样激酶设置苔藓干细胞分裂的平面[1，2]。虽然苔藓与开花植物关系较远，但我们的研究结果可转移到拟南芥中，我们正在建立一个知识转移管道，通过操纵小麦中的CLAVATA功能来提高产量[3]。该项目在管道的基础端提供信息，旨在利用苔藓模型的优势来揭示CLAVATA功能的下游效应物，这些效应物决定了植物生长点的干细胞分裂平面。为此，该项目将：5。通过RNAseq和生物信息学分析鉴定CLAVATA的下游靶标6.产生候选靶标的突变体并分析突变体表型7.使用计算方法分析基因调控网络架构8.使用抑制剂筛选鉴定新的细胞分裂平面调节剂。通过结合计算和湿实验室方法，该项目将提供植物开发领域最前沿的培训。它将受益于SWBioDTP计划中包括的进一步正式教学和实习。学生将学到的技能和技术将广泛适用于学术生物学和生物技术领域，并在科学政策、出版和计算等领域广泛转移。[1]Harrison等人，2009年。局部线索和不对称的细胞分裂支持苔藓小立碗藓的体平面转变。当代生物学19：1-11. [2]Whitewoods et al. 2018. CLAVATA是陆地植物3D生长形态创新的遗传新奇。当代生物学28：2365-2376。[3]弗莱彻2018年。CLV-WUS干细胞信号通路：作物产量优化路线图。植物7：87。