DataWeaver: An Interface to Complex Clinical Data

描述（由申请人提供）： 儿科医生通常需要根据大量复杂且可能不可靠的数据做出快速决策。然而，这一决策过程已被证明很难模仿，甚至支持，使用软件系统。现有系统缺乏的一个重要特征是允许儿科医生快速有效地理解和利用复杂的相互关联和时间依赖的数据的用户界面。该提案旨在通过使用一种创新的、获得专利的图形用户界面方法来解决这一缺陷，该方法被称为“DataWeaver”。DataWeaver显示的基础是一种称为“weave”的分层结构，以易于理解的方式显示不同类型和数据片段的交叉点。DataWeaver方法旨在为儿科医生提供患者整体状态的完整视图，同时支持快速访问底层详细信息，从而节省临床医生的时间并提高护理质量。尽管DataWeaver方法很有吸引力，但它既没有被实施，也没有经过现场测试。一个原因是，将面向人的DataWeaver接口映射到底层数据库和其他组件直到最近才被认为是不可行的。然而，软件工程的最新进展使构建这些映射成为可能。具体地说，通过使用模型驱动架构（MDA）的方法来指定各种组件，如数据源，决策支持规则和图形组件通过一个抽象的模型。这反过来又允许系统的大部分代码自动生成，而不需要手写，大大减少了编码时间，提高了代码的可靠性。由于儿科领域的广泛范围和复杂性，并且由于约翰霍普金斯大学儿科系的强烈兴趣，镰状细胞病内容已被选择用于I期测试。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Pediatricians routinely need to make rapid decisions based on large amounts of complex and potentially unreliable data. However, this decision-making process has proved difficult to emulate, or even to support, using software systems. An important feature existing systems lack is a user interface allowing pediatricians to quickly and effectively understand and make use of complex interrelated and time dependent data. This proposal seeks to address this deficiency by using an innovative and patented graphical user interface methodology called "DataWeaver." The basis of the DataWeaver display is a hierarchical structure called a "weave" showing intersections of different types and pieces of data in a readily comprehensible way. The DataWeaver methodology is designed to provide the pediatrician with a complete view of the patient's overall status while supporting rapid access to the underlying detailed information, thus saving clinicians time and increasing the quality of care. Despite the attractiveness of the DataWeaver methodology, it has neither been implemented nor field tested. One reason is that mapping the human-oriented DataWeaver interface to the underlying database and to other components has until recently been deemed infeasible. However, recent advances in software engineering make constructing these mappings currently feasible. Specifically, by using model-driven architecture (MDA) methods to specify various components, such as data sources, decision support rules, and graphical components via an abstract model. This in turn allows much of the system's code to be automatically generated instead of needing to be hand-written, greatly reducing coding time and increasing code reliability. Because of the broad scope and complexity of the field of pediatrics, and because of strong interest from the Pediatrics Department at Johns Hopkins University, sickle cell disease content has been chosen for Phase I testing.