Effects of Age, Knowledge, & Control Beliefs on Reading

描述(由申请者提供)：知识是 认知功能及其作用在 关于认知和智力的理论工作。因为知识存储 随着年龄的增长，研究人员质疑 知识可以盖过与年龄相关的衰退，这种衰退通常见于 正在处理。一些数据表明，知识的获取和使用 需要付出一些努力，因此可以从提高 感知到的控制。然而，目前还不清楚知识和控制信念是如何 共同影响认知加工以及是否存在年龄差异 这些过程。鉴于研究表明，控制信念是 在老年人中尤其重要，控制信念可能是一个重要的 老年人知识使用的先行因素。三个编码过程 已经被确定为控制之间关系的可能调停者 信念和认知绩效是坚持性、策略使用和任务 订婚。拟议的研究调查了一种中介模型，在该模型中， 年龄、控制信念、知识和记忆成绩之间的关系是 并探讨了这些编码过程的中介作用。 这项研究的长期目标是更好地理解知识和 控制信念可以抵消与年龄相关的认知处理能力的下降。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Knowledge is an important component of cognitive functioning and its role is becoming increasingly acknowledged in theoretical work on cognition and intelligence. Because knowledge stores increase with age, researchers have questioned whether the benefits of knowledge can outweigh age-related declines typically found in the mechanics of processing. Some data suggest that the acquisition and the use of knowledge require some effort and therefore could benefit from increased levels of perceived control. Yet it remains unclear how knowledge and control beliefs jointly affect cognitive processing and whether there are age differences in these processes. In light of the research indicating that control beliefs are particularly important among older adults, control beliefs may be an important antecedent of knowledge use among older adults. Three encoding processes that have been identified as possible mediators of the relationship between control beliefs and cognitive performance are persistence, strategy use, and task engagement. The proposed research investigates a mediational model in which the relationships among age, control beliefs, knowledge and memory performance are explored and the mediational role of these encoding processes are considered. The long-term goal of this research is to better understand how knowledge and control beliefs can offset age-related declines in cognitive processing.