An intensive Critical Realist analysis into the over-representation of poor mental health within UK policing

在英国，对警察文化的学术研究始于20世纪60年代，主要来自法学院、社会学和犯罪学（Reiner 2000）。因此，学术界关注的焦点集中在违反“法律和秩序”上，使用诸如人种学和访谈等方法（Reiner 2000，第210页）。然而，正如Bottoms （2008, p.81）所建议的那样，人们应该小心方法论或理论上的“归类”社会研究。因此，本研究将考虑警察文化中精神疾病的过度代表（Mind 2015）。回顾更广泛的学术领域，而不是Skolnick（1966）和最近的Loftus（2012）提出的单一犯罪学版本，人们会发现各种关于警察精神疾病的研究，例如，见（Ainsworth 2002; Armitage 2017; Bell and Eski 2015; Bonifacio 1991; Bullock and Garland 2018; Mind 2015; police Care 2018; Rufo et al. 2016）。然而，在利用跨学科方法时，将提倡元理论的“批判现实主义拥抱”，将不同的方法纳入战略哲学图式中（Danermark et al. 2019, p.185）。这反过来又导致了研究问题的风格，即“在英国警务中，是什么特性使机制导致了不成比例的精神疾病水平？”

In Britain, the academic study of police culture began in earnest from the 1960's and was predominantly from the schools of law, sociology, and criminology (Reiner 2000). As a result, the locus of academic concern centred on breaches of "law and order", using methods such as ethnography and interviewing (Reiner 2000, p.210). However, as Bottoms (2008, p.81) suggests, one should be careful of methodologically or theoretically "pigeonholing" social research. Therefore, this study will consider the over-representation of mental ill-health within police culture (Mind 2015). Upon reviewing the wider academic field, rather than the singular criminological version posited by Skolnick (1966) and more recently Loftus (2012), one finds various studies that concern police officer's mental ill-health, for instance, see (Ainsworth 2002; Armitage 2017; Bell and Eski 2015; Bonifacio 1991; Bullock and Garland 2018; Mind 2015; Police Care 2018; Rufo et al. 2016). However, in utilising an interdisciplinary approach, a meta-theoretical "Critical Realist embrace" will be advocated to incorporate different methods within a strategic philosophical schema (Danermark et al. 2019, p.185). This, in turn, leads to the style of the research question which is,'what properties enable mechanisms to cause a disproportionate level of mental ill-health within UK policing?'