Towards Inclusive Heritage: How Can Museum and Heritage Sites use Audio Description to Facilitate access to their Gardens for all Visitors?

实现包容性遗产：博物馆和遗产地如何使用音频描述来方便所有游客进入花园？

• 批准号: 2597444
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Westminster
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2597444
• 关键词: Towards; Inclusive; Heritage; How; Museum

Access to green spaces has been shown to promote physical and mental health (WHO, 2016). This, combined with the cultural heritage of gardens, means that these are valuable places that everyone should be able to access and enjoy. This is supported by the Equality Act (2010), which states that service providers, such as a garden or museum, have a duty to make reasonable adjustments in order to provide access to that service. For blind or partially sighted (BPS) people, audio description (AD) is a way of facilitating access to film, TV, theatre, museums, and galleries. AD is a 'verbal commentary, providing visual information for those unable to perceive it themselves' (Fryer, 2016: 1), helping people to build a mental picture of a film, play or exhibition. Screen AD is fully professionalised (Fryer, 2016), with comprehensive research and guidelines for describers. However, museum AD is at a comparatively early stage of development (Hutchinson and Eardley, 2019), and garden AD is arguably at an even earlier stage. Both are based on limited guidelines (such as RNIB, 2010 and ADLAB, 2014), but more research has been undertaken in relation to AD in the museum context. This study will benefit from the extensive research into screen AD, as well as the limited research in museum AD. Whilst there have been some successful examples of audio described gardens, including a multi-sensory audio-described tour at the Chelsea Physic Garden (Audio Description Association, 2014), access to audio described gardens is varied, with little guidance or research to inform what approach should be taken. This means that for the estimated two million people in UK living with sight loss (RNIB, 2019), access services at gardens are limited. So, while further research is required to understand how best to provide access to gardens, there is also an opportunity to consider how access to gardens can be inclusive, rather than providing a separate service for the BPS audience.

事实证明，使用绿色空间可以促进身心健康（世界卫生组织，2016）。这与花园的文化遗产相结合，意味着这些都是每个人都应该能够访问和享受的宝贵场所。这得到了《平等法案》（2010 年）的支持，该法案规定，花园或博物馆等服务提供商有责任做出合理调整，以提供获得该服务的机会。对于盲人或弱视 (BPS) 人士来说，音频描述 (AD) 是一种方便他们观看电影、电视、戏剧、博物馆和画廊的方式。 AD 是一种“口头评论，为那些无法自己感知的人提供视觉信息”（Fryer，2016：1），帮助人们在脑海中构建电影、戏剧或展览的画面。 Screen AD 完全专业化（Fryer，2016），为描述者提供全面的研究和指南。然而，博物馆 AD 处于相对早期的发展阶段（Hutchinson 和 Eardley，2019），而花园 AD 可以说处于更早期的阶段。两者都基于有限的指导方针（例如 RNIB，2010 和 ADLAB，2014），但在博物馆背景下进行了更多与 AD 相关的研究。这项研究将受益于对屏幕广告的广泛研究，以及对博物馆广告的有限研究。虽然音频描述花园有一些成功的例子，包括切尔西药用花园的多感官音频描述之旅（音频描述协会，2014），但进入音频描述花园的方式多种多样，几乎没有指导或研究来告知应该采取什么方法。这意味着，对于英国估计有 200 万视力丧失的人来说（RNIB，2019 年），花园的无障碍服务是有限的。因此，虽然需要进一步研究来了解如何最好地提供进入花园的机会，但也有机会考虑如何包容性地进入花园，而不是为 BPS 受众提供单独的服务。