Theorising inter-generational violence between children and parents: A qualitative study in Wales

目的：对儿童与父母之间的代际暴力问题进行理论化，为未来的干预发展和评估提供信息。背景：CPV是一个突出的社会关怀领域，在英国非常普遍。慈善机构估计，变态反应的数字正在增加，新冠肺炎疫情尤其加剧了变态反应，从2019年4月1日到2020年5月31日，变态反应事件上升了70%。然而，由于儿童暴力的隐蔽性，案例很可能被严重低估。儿童暴力与许多不利的儿童经历有关，包括家庭暴力和家庭虐待，这对照料中的儿童造成了不成比例的影响。暴露于较高比率的不良儿童经历与较差的晚年结局有关，而且有证据表明，威尔士的不平等程度比英格兰更大。参与CPV的儿童也更有可能表现出更广泛的反社会行为模式，这与接触社会护理服务高度相关。CPV还与负面的身心健康后果以及重大的经济成本有关。尽管存在不利的健康、社会和经济后遗症，但这方面的研究仍然很少。目前的研究只关注英格兰，尽管威尔士的儿童托管率最高，但在威尔士严重缺乏证据和理解。家长和从业者提出了围绕CPV制定明确和具体政策的必要性。此外，最近的一个跨学科研讨会，在威尔士(https://decipher.uk.net/hosting-a-dva-research-workshop-online-what-did-we-learn/)建立家庭暴力和虐待的未来社会和公共卫生议程研究确定了解家庭暴力和虐待的关键优先事项之一。方法：拟议的研究问题将通过三个相互评估的工作包(WP)来解决。利益相关者整合的范围审查将试图理解CPV是如何定义的，它的决定因素和结果是如何理论化和可操作性的。迁移模型将被用来探索在威尔士背景下的适用性(WP1)。将与专业人员、儿童、年轻人和家长一起使用创造性和可视化的方法，探索目前如何在威尔士的社会保健、教育和卫生背景下管理CPV，以及预防和管理CPV所需的措施(WP2)。最后，将使用MRC框架对数据进行分析和综合，以对CPV问题进行理论分析。研究结果将确定以社区为基础的反应(WP3)的潜在干预组成部分的参数。

Aim: To theorise the problem of inter-generational violence between children and their parents to inform future intervention development and evaluation.Background: CPV is a salient social care area of concern and is highly prevalent in the UK. Charities estimate that figures of CPV are increasing and have been particularly intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, with CPV incidents rising by 70% from 1st April 2019 to 31st May 2020. However, due to the hidden nature of CPV, instances are likely to be significantly under-reported.CPV has been associated with a number of adverse child experiences including domestic violence and abuse in the home, which disproportionately affects children in care. Exposure to higher rates of adverse child experiences relates to poorer outcomes later in life, and evidence suggests greater inequality in Wales than England. Children who engage in CPV are also more likely to present with broader patterns of antisocial behaviour, which are highly linked to contact with social care services. CPV is also associated with negative physical and psychological health consequences, as well as significant economic costs.Despite the adverse health, social and economic sequalae, there remains a paucity of research in this area. Current research focuses solely on England, with a significant lack of evidence and understanding in Wales, despite the highest rates of children in care. Parents and practitioners have raised the need for clear and specific policy around CPV. Additionally, a recent inter-disciplinary workshop, establishing a future social and public health agenda for Domestic Violence and Abuse (DVA) research in Wales (https://decipher.uk.net/hosting-a-dva-research-workshop-online-what-did-we-learn/) identified understanding CPV as one of the key priorities in Wales.Methodology: The proposed research questions will be addressed through three inter-rated work packages (WP). A scoping review with stakeholder integration will seek to understand how CPV is defined, and how its determinants and consequences are theorised and operationalised. The TRANSFER model will be used to explore applicability in the Welsh Context (WP1). Creative and visual methodology will be used with professionals, children and young people and parents to explore how CPV is currently managed within the Welsh social care, education and health context, as well as what is needed to prevent and manage CPV (WP2). Finally, data will be analysed and synthesised using the MRC framework to theorise the problem of CPV. Findings will identify parameters of potential intervention components for a community-based response (WP3).