Children in Rural Poverty:Risk and Protective Mechanisms

描述(由申请人提供)：本项目的目的 该项目旨在研究一组儿童的早期发展，这些儿童在 以后成功调整的风险，我们对他们的信息很少： 生活在农村、主要是贫困社区的儿童。出生队列中的800人 北卡罗来纳州三个农村县的儿童和三个县的600名儿童 宾夕法尼亚州的农村县将在生命的前三年进行研究。 一个多学科的团队将调查多个层面的影响 影响这些孩子的早期发育。本课题的研究重点是 组件研究项目包括以下内容： 项目一：气质：强调与儿童有关的因素的发展 以及他们如何预测学龄前儿童的社会情感和认知能力。 项目二：就学准备情况：强调通向以下目标的途径和前兆 准备好上学了。 项目三：家庭进程：强调家庭进程如何调解或 缓解农村贫困对儿童的影响。 项目四：工作和家庭：强调父母职业的影响 养育条件，进而影响儿童的社会、认知、情感 和语言发展。 项目五：人种学：强调1)对 社区特征和2)包含72个家庭的家庭民族志 在发展上领先于上面的同龄人，为设计和 测量。拟议核心的目的如下： 核心：数据收集：招募受试者和收集数据 项目I-IV 核心：数据管理和统计核心：数据管理和统计 专业知识。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this program project is to study the early development of a group of Children who are at risk for later successful adjustment and for whom we have little information: children living in rural, largely poor communities. A birth cohort of 800 children in three rural counties of North Carolina and 600 children in three rural counties of Pennsylvania will be studied over the first 3 years of life. A multidisciplinary team will investigate multiple levels of influences affecting the early development of these children. The research emphases of the component research projects includes the following: Project I: Temperament: Emphasizes the development of child-related factors and how they predict preschool social-emotional and cognitive competence. Project II: School Readiness: Emphasizes the pathways to and precursors of school readiness. Project III: Family Process: Emphasizes how family processes mediate or moderate the effects of rural poverty on children. Project IV: Work and Family: Emphasizes the impact of parents' occupational conditions on parenting, and, in turn, children's social, cognitive, emotional and linguistic development. Project V: Ethnography: Emphasizes 1) an in-depth contextual appraisal of community characteristics and 2) a family ethnography with 72 families developmentally ahead of the cohort above to provide input to design and measurement. The purposes of the proposed cores are the following: Core : Data Collection: Recruitment of subjects and data collection for Projects I-IV Core : Data Management and Statistical Core: Data management and statistical expertise.