Children in Rural Poverty:Risk and Protective Mechanisms

描述（由申请人提供）：本计划的目的 项目是研究一组儿童的早期发展， 风险，为以后的成功调整，我们对他们的信息很少： 生活在农村，主要是贫困社区的儿童。800个出生队列 北卡罗来纳州三个农村县的儿童和三个农村县的600名儿童 宾夕法尼亚州的农村县将在生命的前3年进行研究。 一个多学科团队将调查多个层面的影响 影响这些孩子的早期发育。的研究重点 组成研究项目包括： 项目一：气质：强调儿童相关因素的发展 以及他们如何预测学龄前儿童的社交情感和认知能力。 项目二：学校准备：强调的途径和先决条件， 学校准备。 项目三：家庭过程：强调家庭过程如何调解或 减轻农村贫困对儿童的影响。 项目四：工作与家庭：强调父母的职业影响 父母养育的条件，反过来，孩子的社会，认知，情感 和语言发展。 项目五：民族志：强调1）对 社区特征和2）72个家庭的家庭民族志 在发展上领先于上述队列，为设计和 测量.拟议核心的目的如下： 核心：数据收集：受试者招募和数据收集 项目一至四 核心：数据管理和统计核心：数据管理和统计 专业知识

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this program project is to study the early development of a group of Children who are at risk for later successful adjustment and for whom we have little information: children living in rural, largely poor communities. A birth cohort of 800 children in three rural counties of North Carolina and 600 children in three rural counties of Pennsylvania will be studied over the first 3 years of life. A multidisciplinary team will investigate multiple levels of influences affecting the early development of these children. The research emphases of the component research projects includes the following: Project I: Temperament: Emphasizes the development of child-related factors and how they predict preschool social-emotional and cognitive competence. Project II: School Readiness: Emphasizes the pathways to and precursors of school readiness. Project III: Family Process: Emphasizes how family processes mediate or moderate the effects of rural poverty on children. Project IV: Work and Family: Emphasizes the impact of parents' occupational conditions on parenting, and, in turn, children's social, cognitive, emotional and linguistic development. Project V: Ethnography: Emphasizes 1) an in-depth contextual appraisal of community characteristics and 2) a family ethnography with 72 families developmentally ahead of the cohort above to provide input to design and measurement. The purposes of the proposed cores are the following: Core : Data Collection: Recruitment of subjects and data collection for Projects I-IV Core : Data Management and Statistical Core: Data management and statistical expertise.