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Improvement of fog forecasting using atmospheric electricity

利用大气电改进雾预报

基本信息

批准号：
2600399
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Reading
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2600399
关键词：
Improvement fog forecasting using atmospheric

项目摘要

Fog causes flight cancellations and lengthy days at airports around the world on a regular basis. Accurate forecasting of fog can minimize such disruption, but this presents a significant challenge for numerical weather prediction models. An underexplored area, which may help to improve the predictability of fog, is atmospheric electricity. The atmospheric electric field, which is always present globally, is extremely sensitive to the presence of fog and cloud droplets and often shows marked changes up to several hours before the onset and dissipation of fog. Electrical effects are also known to affect the behaviour of water droplets (such as increasing the rate at which small droplets grow), which may affect properties such as fog duration and thickness of the fog layer. New developments in sensor technology now mean that we can study such processes in detail and improve our understanding of whether electrical effects can be used for fog forecasting, and fog dissipation methods. This project will utilise newly developed miniature sensors for cloud droplets and atmospheric electric field measurements to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of electrical variations in fog and low stratus clouds, using surface measurements and sensors carried on tethered and radiosonde balloons. These novel measurements will be used to determine whether atmospheric electrical variables can provide enhanced prediction capabilities for fog, beyond what is possible with standard meteorological measurements.

雾经常导致航班取消，在世界各地的机场度过漫长的一天。雾的准确预报可以减少这种干扰，但这对数值天气预报模式提出了重大挑战。一个未被充分探索的领域可能有助于提高雾的可预测性，那就是大气电。大气电场始终在全球范围内存在，对雾和云滴的存在极为敏感，往往在雾开始和消散前几个小时就显示出明显的变化。众所周知，电效应也会影响水滴的行为（如增加小水滴生长的速度），这可能会影响雾的持续时间和雾层的厚度等特性。传感器技术的新发展现在意味着我们可以详细研究这些过程，并提高我们对电效应是否可以用于雾预报和雾消散方法的理解。这个项目将利用新开发的微型传感器来测量云滴和大气电场，研究雾和低层云的电变化的时空变化，使用地面测量和系绳气球和无线电探空仪携带的传感器。这些新颖的测量方法将用于确定大气电变量是否能够在标准气象测量方法之外提供增强的雾预报能力。