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Contextual Influences on Visual Attention and Perception

情境对视觉注意力和感知的影响

基本信息

批准号：
6964265
负责人：
BARRY L GIESBRECHT
金额：
$ 7.35万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2005-07-01 至 2006-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6964265
关键词：
attention awareness behavioral /social science research tag clinical research cognition cues form /pattern perception human subject neural information processing questionnaires vision tests visual perception visual stimulus visual tracking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our visual world is complex and is in a continual state of flux, changing over time and space. Contextual information, such as expectations, current knowledge, and regularities in the sensory environment, interacts with selective attention to facilitate processing of our sensory world and, ultimately, coherent and adaptive human behavior. The research proposed here is aimed at investigating how contextual information influences the deployment of visual attention under conditions of limited capacity processing. The aim of Experiment 1 is to investigate the influence of explicit contextual cues; those are cues in the environment of which we are aware, on preparing the system dynamically for upcoming information. This experiment uses a novel modification of the typical dual-task paradigm used to study the attentional blink (AB), in which the first target serves as a cue to the identity of the second target. Critically, this experiment will bridge a key theoretical gap that exists between the dual-task and task-switching literatures. The aim of Experiment 2 is to investigate the influence of implicit contextual cues; those are cues in the environment of which we are not aware, on preparing the system dynamically for upcoming information. Although, this experiment uses the same basic design as the first, the relationship between the first and the second targets will not be revealed to the subjects. In addition to providing more information about how the context can reconfigure the system in a dual-task situation, this experiment will also provide insight on the relationship between attention and memory. The intention of both studies is that by rigorously investigating the interaction between sources of visual context and selective attention, a better understanding of conscious behavior will be achieved.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的视觉世界是复杂的，是在一个不断变化的状态，随着时间和空间的变化。情境信息，如期望、当前知识和感官环境中的行为，与选择性注意相互作用，以促进我们对感官世界的处理，并最终促进连贯和适应性的人类行为。本研究旨在探讨在有限容量加工条件下，情境信息如何影响视觉注意的部署。实验1的目的是调查显式的上下文线索的影响，这些线索在环境中，我们知道，准备系统动态即将到来的信息。本实验采用了一种新的修改典型的双任务范式用于研究注意瞬脱（AB），其中第一个目标作为线索的第二个目标的身份。重要的是，本实验将弥合双任务和任务转换文献之间存在的关键理论差距。实验2的目的是调查隐式上下文线索的影响，这些线索在环境中，我们不知道，准备系统动态即将到来的信息。虽然这个实验使用与第一个相同的基本设计，但第一个和第二个目标之间的关系不会向受试者显示。除了提供更多关于背景如何在双任务情况下重新配置系统的信息外，这个实验还将提供关于注意力和记忆之间关系的见解。这两项研究的目的都是通过严格调查视觉背景和选择性注意之间的相互作用，更好地理解有意识的行为。