Optical Neuroimaging of Infants' Preferential Listening

婴儿偏好听力的光学神经成像

• 批准号: 6851804
• 负责人: HEATHER BORTFELD
• 金额: $ 7.28万
• 依托单位: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-03-01 至 2008-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6851804
• 关键词: auditory feedback; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; brain electrical activity; brain imaging /visualization /scanning; brain mapping; clinical research; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); infrared spectrometry; language development; optical tomography; semantics; speech recognition; syntax; vocabulary

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding how a child comes to identify individual words within fluent speech is crucial to understanding first language development. Fundamentally, language learning requires both recognition and segmentation skills. If infants cannot break input utterances into constituent components and determine whether the resulting auditory objects are exemplars of particular linguistic types, it will be impossible for them to learn what individual components mean and how these parts fit together. The representational units (e.g., words) serve as the basis upon which infants develop syntactic and semantic knowledge. By coupling a traditional infant speech perception procedure with an established form of optical neuroimaging, the research proposed in this application will provide researchers with a new tool for interpreting behavioral data from very young infants. The objective of this application is to identify neural correlates of lexical representations in infants of different ages using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). Groups of infants--aged 5.5 months and 10 months--will be tested using a modified preferential listening procedure while wearing a set of custom optical imaging probes and detectors on their heads. The specific aims of this study are to (1) construct localized maps of neural activity for groups of infants displaying familiarity and novelty listening preferences, and (2) differentiate between semantic and episodic auditory memory in young infants. The central hypothesis for the proposed research is that optical neuroimaging will reveal that infants have more nuanced representations of words than behaviorally conveyed familiarity and novelty effects can demonstrate. The outcome of these studies will be used to advance theories of infant language learning. These theories will further our understanding of both normal and abnormal language development.

描述（由申请人提供）： 了解儿童如何在流利的语音中识别单个单词对于理解第一语言发展至关重要。从根本上说，语言学习需要识别和分割技能。如果婴儿不能将输入的话语分解成组成成分，并确定由此产生的听觉对象是否是特定语言类型的范例，他们就不可能学习各个成分的含义以及这些部分如何组合在一起。代表性单元（例如，词）是婴儿发展句法和语义知识的基础。通过将传统的婴儿语音感知程序与已建立的光学神经成像形式相结合，本申请中提出的研究将为研究人员提供一种新的工具，用于解释非常年幼的婴儿的行为数据。本申请的目的是确定神经相关的词汇表征在不同年龄的婴儿使用近红外光谱（NIRS）。一组5.5个月和10个月大的婴儿将在头上戴着一套定制的光学成像探头和探测器的同时，使用修改后的优先听力程序进行测试。本研究的具体目的是：（1）为表现出熟悉性和新奇性听力偏好的婴儿群体构建局部神经活动图;（2）区分幼儿的语义和情景听觉记忆。这项研究的核心假设是，光学神经成像将揭示婴儿对单词的表征比行为传达的熟悉度和新奇度效应更微妙。这些研究的结果将被用来推进婴儿语言学习的理论。这些理论将进一步加深我们对正常和异常语言发展的理解。

项目成果

The Reverse-Caricature Effect Revisited: Familiarization With Frontal Facial Caricatures Improves Veridical Face Recognition.

重新审视反向漫画效应：熟悉正面面部漫画可以提高真实的面部识别能力。

• DOI: 10.1002/acp.1539
• 发表时间: 2009
• 期刊: Applied cognitive psychology
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Rodríguez,Jobany;Bortfeld,Heather;Rudomín,Isaac;Hernández,Benjamín;Gutiérrez-Osuna,Ricardo
• 通讯作者: Gutiérrez-Osuna,Ricardo